Objective: this research sought to identify the perception of merchants in the private sector, regarding the implementation of the Support Document for Electronic Payroll in different companies in the city of Florencia, Caquetá; In this sense, the general objective was to know the aforementioned perception, for which three specific objectives were developed that consisted of: a characterization of the implementation process, the identification of the perception and the formulation of recommendations.
Method: as a working method, this was developed from a mixed approach methodology, that is, with qualitative and quantitative variables, for which information was requested from the merchants to the DIAN - Florence Section and to the Chamber of Commerce of the same. municipality, which served as input for conducting taxpayer surveys; Likewise, a survey was applied to public accounting professionals on the implementation of electronic payroll; finally closing with an interview with a tax expert teacher.
Results: the result was obtained, firstly, that the perception of the majority of taxpayers surveyed indicated that electronic payroll was not implemented, generally pointing out in this sense that if they did, it was as a result of fulfilling a requirement demanded by the Dian; on the other hand, and through a different survey to the one carried out to the merchants, the perception of the public accounting professionals surveyed was known, who in 90 % expressed knowing about the implementation of the electronic payroll, as well as having transmitted the information to his clients.
Discussions: on the other hand, regarding the discussions, it can be affirmed that there is a generalized negative tendency among merchants to adopt the implementation of electronic payroll, in relation to this, both the accountants surveyed as well as the expert teacher, converged in affirm that its implementation is beneficial for companies.

Conclusions: in this way, it was possible to conclude that there is a generalized interest in not implementing electronic payroll among taxpayers, which translates, according to what was found, into tax informality, resistance to adopt new tools and tax requirements, and loss of benefits that could get taxpayers.

By Marly Bibiana Sánchez Cardozo, Carlos Alberto Gómez Cano

The present study aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the flipped classroom in text comprehension between 2014 and 2023. This study used bibliometric analysis as the main tool to analyse academic output. Scopus was used to select 76 papers for the study based on English keywords (flipped AND classroom and text AND comprehension). The years 2016, 2022 and 2023, which accounted for 38 academic publications (or 50 % of the total), had the most significant influence on scientific output in terms of percentage increase. Among the countries that stand out, the United States accounted for 28,6 %. The most relevant publication sources, with n=3 each, were BMC Medical Education and Journal of Chemical Education. Of all the authors, Khazaie, S. obtained the most citations (44) in his two papers. Of the total number of papers, 92 % were scientific articles, of which 44 % were from the social sciences and 9 % from computer science. It can be concluded that the classroom invested in text comprehension has made significant progress in terms of subject variety, authorship, sources and accessible resources. This bibliometric study can therefore serve as a basis for future studies.

By Sonia Alcayhuamán Gil, Belisario Sánchez Rojas, Kriss Vanessa Santander Rodriguez, Evert Segundo Suárez Obregón

The quality of life in hypertensive people is vulnerable, since this medical condition affects the quality of people, therefore, the objective of the research is to determine the quality of life in school teachers diagnosed with hypertension in a hospital institution in South Lima. It is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and non-experimental study, with a population of 116 hypertensive people who answered a questionnaire of sociodemographic data and the quality of life questionnaire for hypertensive patients. In their results, 10,3 % (n=12) of hypertensive people have a low quality of life, 31 % (n=36) have a medium quality of life and 58,6 % (n=68) have a high quality of life. In conclusion, health actions linked to the practice of healthy lifestyles and emotional health are essential.

By Lucia Asencios-Trujillo, Lida Asencios-Trujillo, Carlos La Rosa-Longobardi, Djamila Gallegos-Espinoza, Livia Piñas-Rivera

This paper reflects on the potential of agricultural practices that employ peasant family farming to satisfy inherent needs to enjoy a healthy, vital and prosperous life in the face of problems such as climate change, inequity, inaccessibility, poor food, among others. An investigation was carried out with a peasant family that develops agricultural activities on their rural property with the objective of identifying the contribution of peasant family agriculture to their food security. The study was carried out in the department of Caquetá, in the municipality of Florencia, Orteguaza district, San Antonio de Atenas village, La Cabaña plot, with the Farfán Muños family. For this, a qualitative interview was carried out in which the productive history, the agricultural activities that they carry out and the practices used were known; A characterization of their productive activities was carried out, emphasizing the forms of production, the benefits of good practices to produce and their accessibility to food. The results obtained show that the agricultural activities carried out by the Farfán peasant family contribute and benefit their food security and provide economic satisfaction. It was known that they have affordable access to food, most of it of good quality produced by themselves organically and have food stability in any period to satisfy their nutritional needs, it was possible to evidence the ties of family union, neighborhood solidarity and future projection.

By Camilo Andres Camacho Vargas, Leidy Yulieth Cuyabazo Burbano, Verenice Sánchez Castillo

The purpose of this study was to conduct a bibliometric study in Scopus on emotional intelligence and pedagogical practice in teachers between 2008 and 2023. The research strategy was based on bibliometric analysis as a means of quantifying academic production. Sixty Scopus publications were chosen for the study based on their relevance and English keywords (emotional AND intelligence, pedagogical AND practice). The results showed that between 2018 and 2023 (n=47; 78,3 %) there was the largest increase in scientific production. In addition, one of the main sources was Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, while Dewaele, J.M. was the most referenced author (84 citations; 4 papers). Sixty-eight percent of the publications were research articles in the fields of social sciences (43 %), arts and humanities (14 %), and psychology (11 %). It is concluded that the thematic diversity, authorship, sources and available resources have been increasing with respect to emotional intelligence and pedagogical practice in teachers. Thus, this bibliometric analysis serves as a framework for future research by presenting documented support.

By Nelly Beatriz Carhuapoma Carlos, Cinthia Fiorela Hernandez Zavaleta, Daniel Ángel Ramos Fuentes

The present study aims to determine the influence of social networks and the shopping experience of customers of the Gamarra commercial emporium, year 2022. The type of research used was theoretical, relational and explanatory research, with non-experimental design, the method used is hypothetical deductive, the cohort is transversal and the approach is quantitative. A reference population of 174 people was taken from the entire population of customers, using a sample of 120 customers of the commercial emporium of Gamarra, to whom a survey consisting of 20 Likert-type questions was applied. To validate the reliability of the instrument, the SPSS program was used, where the reliability test with its Cronbach's Alpha was carried out, obtaining a reliability of 0,917. As for the level of correlation of the variables, it was determined with a Spearman's Rho correlation coefficient of 0,444, that there is a moderate level of positive correlation between the main variables, with a significance level of p= <0,001. In conclusion, social networks do influence the shopping experience of the customers of the Gamarra commercial emporium, since it is the main source of information and reference for current customers.

By Ana Claudio-Fonseca, Brian Meneses-Claudio, Edgar Carmen-Choquehuanca

This research seeks to understand the factors that influence the quality of life of university teachers; therefore, the objective of the study is to determine the quality of life of university teachers in a marginal area of the district of Puente Piedra in northern Lima. It is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and non-experimental study, with a population of 270 inhabitants who answered a questionnaire of sociodemographic data and the instrument for quality of life. The results show that 17,4 % (n=47) of the inhabitants have a poor quality of life, 56,3 % (n=152) have a moderately good quality of life, and 26,3 % (n=71) have a good quality of life. In conclusion, it is necessary to highlight the need to intervene specifically in the improvement of the quality of life of the elderly, as social and integral service programs for their general wellbeing.

By Wilver Ticona-Larico, Cynthia López-Gómez, Naara Medina-Altamirano, Darwin Gutierrez-Alamo

Objective: this work was based on the Characterization of the economic damages generated by COVID-19 to the providers of the special transport service (Tourism) of Caquetá 2020-2021, in addition, the internal control system and its importance in this was analyzed context.
Method: Quantitative research techniques were implemented, since they allow data analysis, such as statistics and financial statements in the four (4) special transportation agencies in Caquetá: Sanviestur and Constracaguan (San Vicente del Caguán), Amazonia (El Paujil) and Prointures S.A.S (Florence).
Results: The most affected agency was Amazonia, since it closed definitively. Sanviestur, Constracaguan and Prointures had large economic losses during the pandemic, but have managed to maintain themselves to this day.
Discussion: internal controls are an essential tool to ensure the achievement of the objectives and the continuous improvement of the entity, whose implementation results in results and in the realization of the decisions reflected in the organization's plans. Based on an integrated planning and management model, guidelines and good practices are provided to establish controls and actions, methods and risk management procedures that allow entities to evaluate and monitor the processes to verify their compliance, conformity and countermeasures, as This statement is corroborated by the special transport agencies Sanviestur, Constracaguan and Prointures, since they managed to overcome all the difficulties that came along with the Covid-19
Conclusions: According to the economic income of the agencies in previous years, there was a change drastic in the season of the Covid-19 pandemic; its impact was significant, since the restrictions on mobility and its economic level directly caused a considerable drop in the demand for services.

By Luis Alfredo Rincón González, John Fredy Quiroz Valderrama, Carlos Alberto Gómez-Cano

The aim of this study was to analyze the connection between family violence and suicide risk in adolescents with indicators of hope. A sample of 243 participants was selected who met the inclusion criteria and had indicators of hope, aged 12 to 17 years (M=14,4, SD=1,35), 55,6 % female. Three scales validated in the Peruvian context were used: the Family Violence Scale (FVS), the Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale and the Herth Hope Scale. The results showed that hope played a partial and complementary mediational role, and the correlation revealed a positive and significant relationship (Rho=0,559, p<0,001) between the increase in violence and the increase in suicidal risk. This association was evident in physical violence (Rho=0,417, p<0,001), psychological violence (R=0,420, p<0,001) and sexual violence (Rho=0,494, p<0,001). Descriptive data indicate that a low level of physical violence (38,7 %), a high level of psychological violence (35,4 %) and a low level of sexual violence (61,7 %) prevailed. In addition, it was observed that all participants presented low levels of suicidal risk. It is concluded that family violence increases suicidal risk in adolescents, highlighting the importance of urgently addressing this problem.

By Alessandra Cristina Nuñez Chávez, Fernando Joel Rosario Quiroz, Fernando Javier Mendoza Urbina, María Isabel Denegri Velarde, Elena Esther Yaya Castañeda, Marilyn Villanueva-Batallanos

The aim of this study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of inclusive education management in Latin America in Scopus from 2008 to 2023. The methodology was based on a bibliometric data study to quantify scientific production. Eighty-four Scopus documents were selected for the study based on their relevance and the key words in English (inclusive AND education AND management). The results showed that the most significant increase in scientific production occurred between 2016 and 2022 (n=61; 73 %). In addition, Revista Brasileira De Educacao Especial published 9 articles (47,3 % of the total), and Ashraf, K. was the most referenced author (28 citations; 1 paper). Most of these publications (95 %) were research articles in the fields of social sciences (48 %), psychology (13 %) and multidisciplinarity (7 %). It is concluded that research on inclusive education management in Latin America has been increasing in terms of authorship rates, breadth of relevant resources and diversity of topics. Therefore, this bibliometric study provides a solid foundation for future studies by offering a documented account of the topic.

By Cinthia Fiorela Hernandez Zavaleta, Nelly Beatriz Carhuapoma Carlos, Fátima Li Sánchez Sánchez

The present research analyzed the tax effect of the special regime of the Special Social Economic Zones in the Institución Prestadora de Servicios de Salud Norte Salud S.A., in Cúcuta Colombia for the taxable years 2019-2021. Therefore, we sought to comprehensively describe the word effect, classifying its consequences as positive or negative and the consequences arising from the effect itself. The research modality was developed within the quantitative paradigm, which took the following as the central sample: the Institución Prestadora de Servicios de Salud Norte Salud S.A., currently enrolled in the tax benefit of the Special Social Economic Zones since January 1, 2020, through its financial information in the public domain. The results revealed that the Special Social Economic Zones' tax benefit promotes positive economic results for the health institution since the analysis of the financial statements revealed an increase in profits derived from the income tax exemption. It is concluded that the health institution requires an investment plan to increase both the portfolio of services provided and the comprehensiveness of the health service to users.

By Rolando Eslava Zapata, Mireya Tarazona, Wilson Alexander Veloza García

Being university students from socioeconomically vulnerable areas, depressive symptomatology tends to increase during the pandemic, so the objective of the research is to determine depression in post-COVID-19 university students in northern Lima. It is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and non-experimental study, with a population of 30 people who completed a questionnaire with sociodemographic aspects and the Zung Self-Assessment Scale for Depression. In their results, 5 % (n=7) of the inhabitants are depressed, 30,5 % (n=10) are slightly depressed and 64,5 % (n=13) have normal depression. In conclusion, this research will allow highlighting the unfavorable conditions that pre-exist in vulnerable areas of our country, also product of the pandemic worsened thus giving the need for long-term interventions on mental health.

By Lucia Asencios-Trujillo, Lida Asencios-Trujillo, Carlos La Rosa-Longobardi, Djamila Gallegos-Espinoza, Livia Piñas-Rivera

Psychological distress in high school teachers is intensified due to the high demand producing different symptomatologies altering their mental health, therefore, the research objective is to determine the psychological distress in high school teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and non-experimental study, with a population of 147 secondary school teachers who completed a questionnaire of sociodemographic data and the scale for psychological distress. In their results, 41,5 % (n=61) of secondary school teachers have high distress, 29,9 % (n=44) medium distress and 28,6 % (n=42) low distress. In conclusion, our results highlight the urgent need to implement measures for psychological support for secondary school teachers, given that the intensity of occupational and emotional stress requires a proactive mental health program.

By Lucia Asencios-Trujillo, Lida Asencios-Trujillo, Carlos La Rosa-Longobardi, Djamila Gallegos-Espinoza, Livia Piñas-Rivera

The main objective of this research is to explain the basis used for decision making in microenterprises in the hardware sector in Lima 2022. The methodology used was of basic type, having a qualitative approach, with the design of case study, having a descriptive level, the instrument used was the interview, taking into account that the study scenario to 3 owners of hardware microenterprises. At the end, I found as a result that decision making can be affected by social aspects, emotional aspects and cognitive aspects. Where the social aspects are the relationships they have with external agents to the company, such as the importance of family support and the influence of the political environment in business. Similarly, the emotional aspects have their importance in how one is aware of their emotions and knows how to control them for the benefit of their decisions. Finally, the cognitive aspect is related to the experiences and knowledge that the entrepreneur develops. Likewise, determining and analyzing the problems that arise as well as determining various alternatives. They are of great importance in the development of the activities and in the decision making that can have a positive value to the company.

By Idaura Huancas-Yajahuanca, Saul Taype-Mamani, Brian Meneses-Claudio, Gustavo Zarate-Ruiz

Objective: the purpose of this research was to analyze the social perception of citizens regarding the accountability of the mayor of the municipality of El Paujil, during the period 2019-2020.
Method: this research took a population sample from the municipality of curassow with a margin of error of 6, applying mixed methods; by conducting interviews, designing and conducting surveys and a grid for verifying compliance with requirements.
Results: the applied methods allowed us to observe that the citizens of the municipality provide a subjective vision taking as a starting point the social control applied to the accountability of the municipality of El Paujil where there is little knowledge on the subject, scarce information and limited control in these processes, it was also possible to observe that the municipal administrations put their grain of sand in the fulfillment of the norm.
Discussions: it is observed that, although the norm is ready to exercise control and although it is true that the state expects its application, citizens do not do it and forget to carry out control processes in terms of public matters.
Conclusions: citizens must be committed to learning, understanding and applying the rules and instruments that the government has established, in order to obtain better results in Public Management.

By Carlos Alberto Gómez Cano, Alejandro Noreña Penagos, Ramiro Muñoz Macanilla

This article is part of the project Analysis of the payment behavior of the Industry and Commerce Tax and Gallery Fee in the La Concordia Market Square in Florencia, department of Caquetá, which is recognized as the city's historical and cultural heritage. This paper addresses matters related to the gallery rate, through a descriptive design study, using the survey applied to vendors in the Concordia market place as a primary source to capture information. Among the results obtained, it is found that the gallery rate does not have a legal basis or reservation of Law and additionally the current municipal regulations are not applied, in relation to the times stipulated for their respective payment. And as conclusions, it is recommended to review the regulatory framework to appropriate the corresponding legal figure and advance campaigns to promote the culture of payment of obligations and commitments for the use of public space.

By Ginna Tovar-Cardozo, Guineth Facundo-Vargas, Velmar Joven-Santanilla

The present study aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis of formative assessment in universities between 2004 and 2023. The academic output was examined using bibliometric analysis as the fundamental method in this study. Scopus was used to select 364 papers for the study based on keywords in English (formative AND evaluation AND universities). In terms of percentage increase, the years 2014-2022, with 279 academic papers (76,6 % of the total), had the greatest impact on scientific production. The first country to stand out was Spain (19,7 %) and BMC Medical Education was the most popular publication source (n=13). Of all the authors, López-Pastor, V. was the one who obtained the most citations (65) for his three papers. Of the total number of papers, 99 % were scientific articles, of which 48 % belonged to the social sciences and 10 % to medicine. It can be concluded that formative evaluation in universities has made significant progress in terms of subject variety, authorship, sources and accessible resources. Thus, this bibliometric analysis could serve as a basis for future research.

By Evert Segundo Suárez Obregón, Belisario Sánchez Rojas, Kriss Vanessa Santander Rodriguez, Sonia Alcayhuamán Gil, Patricia Demetria Osorio Meniz

This research covers the empathy of nursing interns, in which it seeks to understand the influence that empathy has on interns, and thus be able to have a good professional training, therefore the objective of the study is to determine empathy in nursing interns of a university located in Metropolitan Lima. It is a quantitative, descriptive, non-experimental study, made up of a total of 112 participants who filled out a survey of sociodemographic data and the Jefferson empathy scale. In their results, 24,1 % (n=27) have high empathy, 55,4 % (n=62) medium and 20,5 % (n=23) low. In conclusion, the lack of empathy in the interns highlights the need for strategies to strengthen the connection with patients, and thus improve overall care.

By Juan Saberbein-Muñoz, Christian Hilario-Quispe, Maria Salinas-Cruz

The present research work entitled "Digital Marketing in the Mypes of the Dental area of the urbanization Pro, Los Olivos-2022", whose objective is to analyze the repercussions that this topic has within the dental area of the urbanization Pro, Los Olivos-2022, in addition to analyzing factors such as social networks, the use of e-commerce and positioning. For the study, the descriptive and correlational methodology was used since theoretical sources were used, as well as the interview guide to collect information on the topic studied, the work carried out under the qualitative approach because it was oriented to the analysis and interpretation of the information collected from experts. Being my study population the mypes of the dental area of the Pro urbanization located in the district of Los Olivos, whose part of the sample is made up of three interviewees knowledgeable on the subject. For the collection of information, an interview guide was used as an instrument applied to the three participants. With relevant effect I was able to observe the implementation of digital marketing in an empirical way in the Mype's of the dental field generating a deficit in the value proposition and positioning. In this way, I could understand that digital marketing through the application of social networks contributes efficiently in the positioning of the Mype's, because it allows to identify the customer and give him a differential proposal.

By Flor Ayala-Soto, Brian Meneses-Claudio, Gustavo Zarate-Ruiz

The purpose of the study was established to obtain the correlation of moral disconnection with the emission of violence executed in the field of courtship in young people with characteristics of high empathy in Lima Centro. The MMDS-S instruments were used to evaluate moral disconnection, in addition to CUVINO to measure the violence used in dating. It was carried out by young people between the ages of 20 and 26, with a total of 133. Based on the analyses, a moderate correlation was observed between the variables (Rho = 0,30), moral disconnection manifested a moderate interaction with coercion being the dimension of dating violence (Rho = 0,38), and the second variable acquired a moderate correlation with the dimension of rationalization (Rho = 0,35) therefore, there was a moderate correlation of the variables with the male sex and weak with the female sex. Finally, when acquiring behaviors of moral disconnection, indicators of the violence used in courtship are demonstrated.

By Ester Condori Contrera, Fernando Joel Rosario Quiroz, Daniel Ángel Ramos Fuentes, Jesús Yolanda Morí Holguín, Elena Esther Yaya Castañeda, Marilyn Villanueva-Batallanos

Arterial hypertension is a factor that decreases the quality of life, due to multiple factors in target organs and in its secondary effects of treatment, therefore the objective of the study was to determine the quality of life in university teachers diagnosed with hypertension treated in a hospital center in Callao. It is a quantitative, descriptive-cross-sectional study, made up of a total of 116 participants who answered a questionnaire of sociodemographic aspects and the measurement instrument for quality of life. In their results, 64,7 % (n=75) have a good quality of life, 25 % (n=29) have a fair quality of life and 10,3 % (n=12) have a poor quality of life. In conclusion, health strategies oriented to hypertensive patients with health promotion approach should be increased.

By Lucia Asencios-Trujillo, Lida Asencios-Trujillo, Carlos La Rosa-Longobardi, Djamila Gallegos-Espinoza, Livia Piñas-Rivera

The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of informality on the formal businesses of the Gamarra Commercial Emporium - 2022. Thus, the methodology used in the research was a basic type with a qualitative approach, using an approach that is based on case studies, it is worth mentioning that the level is descriptive and the interview was used as a data collection tool. Regarding the interview guide, it was applied to five micro-entrepreneurs from the Damero Gallery, which is located in Gamarra, and the documentary analysis that was achieved thanks to the interviews that the owners of each business gave us. All this set of elements has contributed to reaching the conclusion that informality does have a negative impact on the businesses of formal merchants, since on repeated occasions they were forced to have to reduce the prices of their garments to make it more accessible for customers so they can buy it. Likewise, they believe that it is quite unfair that there are no drastic sanctions for street vendors and consider it appropriate that they receive training with the intention of guiding them to contribute accordingly, it was evidenced that many of these are submerged in informality due to lack of knowledge. Persuasion was also contrasted and the good treatment they give to consumers is a fundamental piece, because with this they can display their products correctly and indicate the quality of each garment.

By Blanquita Díaz-Díaz, Maricielo Garrido-Ligas, Gustavo Zarate-Ruiz, Brian Meneses-Claudio

The overall objective of the research was to classify port systems for competitiveness by implementation criteria, continents and indicators of port functional competitiveness. It used a qualitative approach and was applied. The research design was thematic narrative due to the variety of information used in reference documents based on the theme of classification of port systems for competitiveness. A classification with 18 criteria was designed by assessing their fulfilment in the different port systems based on the literature reviewed. They were also classified by level of implementation, by countries in which they have been implemented and by port competitiveness indicators. The port community and the automatic identification system are focused on improving the flow of information, while the terminal operation system, the automated gate system and the truck appointment system are focused on optimising the operations carried out in the ports, four levels were detailed, from the first level, where there is only an individual digital transformation and where the systems improve internal processes, to the last level where absolutely everything is integrated and there is a complete replacement of paper-based processes by electronic processes through systems and technologies.

By Fabiola Cruz Navarro Soto, Yadit Rocca Carvajal, Doris Rosario Yaya Castañeda, Alberto Miguel Vizcarra Quiñones, Roque Juan Espinoza Casco, Percy Junior Castro Mejía

This study focuses on two potential variables related to the global perception of the well-being of the elderly, that is why the research objective is to determine the quality of life and satisfaction with life in older adults in marginal urban areas of the district of Carabayllo. It is a quantitative, descriptive, non-experimental and correlational study, with a total population of 270 elderly participants, who answered a questionnaire of sociodemographic data and the instruments of quality of life and satisfaction with life. In their results, 26,3 % (n=71) of older adults have a good quality of life and 18,5 % (n=50) have a very high satisfaction with life. In conclusion, social welfare programs should be carried out to improve the quality of life of older adults according to specific areas of intervention.

By Monica Quispe-Solano, Naara Medina-Altamirano, Cynthia López-Gómez, Wilver Ticona-Larico

The present research was oriented to describe how the application of strategic planning (SP) influences a small and medium enterprise in Carabayllo, 2022. Methodologically, a basic, qualitative, descriptive, descriptive and case study research was carried out. Likewise, there were three participants who were the General Manager and the Administrator and also a specialist in strategic planning. For data collection, the interview and observation technique was applied, the instrument was a semi-structured interview with fifteen questions and an observation guide. As a result, the company does apply the SP, since they have formulated tactics that in the short and long term will help them achieve their objectives. Likewise, it is considered that the development of a strategic plan favors organizations to structure their objectives, goals, mission, vision, as well as the strategies to be used against the competition and the environment, thus increasing their levels based on competitiveness, efficiency and profitability. Finally, it is concluded that all companies should apply the SP and thus follow the strategic process that requires its application, i.e., formulate the tactics that will support the achievement of the objectives, then implement it and finally, evaluate the strategies.

By Ray Benavente-Quehue, Paola Pillpe-Quispe, Brian Meneses-Claudio, Gustavo Zarate-Ruiz

The aim of this study was to carry out a bibliometric analysis of native languages in teacher training at universities between 2003 and 2023. This study used bibliometric analysis as a fundamental tool to examine academic production. Thirty-five hundred and fifty-one documents were selected for the study from Scopus using keywords in English (native AND languages, teacher AND training). The largest notable increase in scientific output, according to the results, occurred between 2013 and 2020 (n=201; 57 %). The United States ranked first in scientific output (17,2 %), Multilingual Education was the most popular publication source (n=6), and Sonsaat, S. was the author with the most citations (76) for his two publications. Of the total number of documents, 75 % were scientific articles, of which 30 % were in the arts and humanities and 52 % in the social sciences. It can be concluded that the original languages in teacher training at universities have come a long way in terms of thematic variety, authorship, sources and accessible resources. Thus, this bibliometric analysis could serve as a basis for future research.

By Belisario Sánchez Rojas, Kriss Vanessa Santander Rodriguez, Sonia Alcayhuamán Gil, Evert Segundo Suárez Obregón, Patricia Demetria Osorio Meniz

The quality of life in an oncology patient is altered because both their physical and psychological, affecting their health well-being, therefore the objective of the research is to determine the quality of life in university students of the oncology service of a hospital center in Metropolitan Lima. It is a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study, made up of a total of 130 university oncology students who answered a questionnaire of sociodemographic aspects and the quality of life instrument. In their results, 58,5 % (n=76) have a low quality of life, 26,2 % (n=34) a medium quality of life and 15,4 % (n=20) a high quality of life. In conclusion, they should receive psychological support and participate in group workshops to improve their health and psychological well-being.

By Juan Saberbein-Muñoz, Christian Hilario-Quispe, Maria Salinas-Cruz

The declaration of the State of economic, social and ecological emergency by the national government through Decree 637 of 2020, as a mechanism to contain the spread of Covid-19 in the national territory, strictly conditioned the way of life not only of people , but also, of the companies in the normal development of the corporate purpose they pursue, therefore, the mandatory isolation decreed closed the doors to the companies, leading them to strong periods of recession that motivated them to make drastic decisions, such as collective dismissals of personal; In this sense, one of the most affected economic sectors as a result of the growth that constructions had been presenting in the country were hardware stores; In that order, the State, under the need to guarantee social tranquility, implemented from Decree 639 of 2020, the Formal Employment Support Program - PAEF, as a tool for the sustainability of formalized employability in Colombia, especially for incorporated companies. before January 1, 2020 and that they will be able to demonstrate a decrease of up to 20 % or more of their income. Consequently, this article sought to investigate the benefits of the PAEF to microentrepreneurs in the hardware sector in the city of Florence, through a non-experimental, descriptive study with a mixed approach, implementing a survey of 100 of the 177 existing hardware stores. in the capital of Caquetá, finding that although the mechanism has been able to guarantee the maintenance of employment for families that depend economically on this sector, as well as prevent these companies from going into insolvency, there is a need for dissemination and pedagogy strategies that allow a greater coverage, because it only impacted 2,8 % of this sector, in a municipality with precarious unemployment figures.

By Leidy Jhoana Patarroyo Rivera, Jairo Andrés Araque Cerón, Carlos Alberto Gómez Cano

The present study aimed to perform a bibliometric analysis of mentoring as a formative strategy for the personal development of university students published in Scopus between 2003 and 2023. It was a bibliometric data study to measure scientific production, through indicators. Key words in English (Tutorship, formative strategy, personal development, university students) were used to select 82 Scopus documents relevant to the study. According to the results, scientific production peaked in 2019, 2020 and 2022 (n=46; 56 %). In addition, the United States accounted for 25,4 % of all publications (n=30), 4 papers were published in Plos One, and the most cited author was Aral, S.O. (66 citations; n=1 papers). The vast majority of these publications (94 %) were research articles in the fields of social sciences (26 %), psychology (23 %), and arts and humanities (11 %). It is concluded that the research conducted on tutoring as a formative strategy for the personal development of university students shows a growing trend in terms of the number of authors, the number of relevant resources and the diversity of the topics covered. Thus, the bibliometric study provides a starting point for future research by developing a documented argument.

By Patricia Demetria Osorio Meniz, Roque Juan Espinoza Casco, Freddy Cristopher Ochoa Santos, Daniel Ángel Ramos Fuentes

Psychological distress is all the concern and discomfort presented by diabetic primary school teachers due to situations that make them vulnerable. Therefore, the objective of the research is to determine psychological distress in diabetic primary school teachers attending a private health institution in North Lima. It is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and non-experimental study, with a population of 100 diabetic elementary school teachers, who answered a questionnaire of sociodemographic aspects and the stress scale for diabetic elementary school teachers. In their results, 95 % (n=95) of primary school teachers with DM2 have a high level of psychological distress, 4 % (n=4) medium level and 1 % (n=1) low level. In conclusion, according to our results tend to be very significant, since we highlight the importance in the approach not only from medical issues, but also at the psychoemotional level of each person.

By Juan Saberbein-Muñoz, Christian Hilario-Quispe, Maria Salinas-Cruz

Quality of life has a considerable influence on a person's well-being, although when an illness occurs, this well-being tends to decrease, and this modifies the person's lifestyle. Therefore, the objective of the study is to determine the quality of life in relation to health in hypertensive university teachers who attend a cardiology clinic in northern Lima. It is a quantitative, descriptive-cross-sectional study, with a total population of 124 hypertensive university teachers. The results show that 13,7 % (n=17) have a very low quality of life in relation to their health, 26,6 % (n=33) have a low quality of life, 9,7 % (n=12) have an average quality of life, 43,5 % (n=54) have a high quality of life and 6,5 % (n=8) have a very high quality of life. In conclusion, health evaluations of the population should be carried out to detect risk factors and hypertension at an early stage.

By Lida Asencios-Trujillo, Carlos La Rosa-Longobardi, Djamila Gallegos-Espinoza, Livia Piñas-Rivera

Introduction: this research work focuses on analyzing how marketing campaigns are influencing the recovery of sweater sales in the Gamarra commercial emporium in 2022, highlighting the importance of these strategies for small and medium-sized companies in the sector, commercial owners and the country's economy.
Method: It is based on a basic, descriptive and correlational approach, using a non-experimental design. The hypothetical-deductive logical method is applied with a quantitative approach and a transversal cut. The population is composed of 100 micro and macro entrepreneurs of sweater sales in the Commercial Emporium of Gamarra, and the sample is 80 participants. A face-to-face survey questionnaire with Likert scale is used to collect data. The reliability of the instrument is ensured by means of Cronbach's Alpha coefficient and validity is verified through pilot tests with individuals familiar with the research topic.
Results: The results indicate that marketing campaigns have a positive influence on the sales of sweaters in the Gamarra Commercial Emporium in the year 2022. It was also found that the marketing campaigns are publicized through the advertising of sweaters in Gamarra and that sales are oriented to the target audience of the emporium.
Conclusion: Marketing campaigns have a high influence on the sales of sweaters in the Gamarra Commercial Emporium, since significant correlations were found between these variables, indicating that marketing campaigns help to increase sales and are made known through advertising, oriented to the target audience.

By Erlitt Espinoza-Chávez, Stephany Moya-Machaca, Brian Meneses-Claudio, Edgar Carmen-Choquehuanca

The research related parental psychological control (PPC) and emotional and behavioral problems, and evaluated the mediational role of shyness and verbal aggression in this relationship. 251 female students from a public educational institution in Lima-Peru with indicators of shyness and verbal aggression between 15 and 17 years of age were studied. We worked with the Dependence and Achievement-Oriented Psychological Control Scale (DAPC), the Adolescent Emotional and Behavioral Problems Scale, the revised shyness scale (ETR-13) and the verbal aggression dimension of the Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire. It was found that shyness and verbal aggression do not play a mediational role in the relationship between parental control and emotional problems; furthermore, it was found that there is a positive and significant relationship between parental psychological control and behavioral and emotional problems, indicating that the more control parents exert over their children, the more emotional and behavioral problems increase.

By Maria Candelaria Chipana Pacompia, Fernando Joel Rosario Quiroz, Silva Narvaste Bertha, Juana Rosa Gabriel Tirajaya, Elena Esther Yaya Castañeda, Marilyn Villanueva-Batallanos

The quality of life in older adults was significantly affected due to the risk of contagion and social isolation, so the objective of the research is to determine the quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic in older adults in a province in southern Lima. It is a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study, with a total population of 120 older adults who answered a questionnaire of sociodemographic aspects and the quality of life instrument. In its results, 83 % (n=100) of the older adults have a low quality of life, 10 % (n=12) have a medium quality of life and 7 % (n=8) have a high quality of life. In conclusion, strategies should be considered according to the psychosocial and health support needs of this vulnerable population.

By Naara Medina-Altamirano, Jose Rojas-Diaz, Cynthia López-Gómez, Gladys Tenorio-Molina

Climate change is a global problem that causes multiple effects on the quality of life of living beings, for example, it interferes with food security, by modifying the environmental conditions under which crops were favored in their development. It is therefore that the food sector has put the magnifying glass on the mechanisms that adapt their crops to adapt to the new environmental conditions generated by climate change, in order to fully supply the food supply. The objective of this research was to collect which are the mechanisms of adaptation of crops to climate change used by some inhabitants of the troncales corregimiento in San Vicente del Caguán, Caquetá. The methodology consisted of an interview with cultivators of the troncales corregimiento. The results indicate that the use of artisanal and other more technical techniques generate a buffer against the effects of the climate, maintaining acceptable crop productivity.

By Candice Vaquiro Caycedo, Verenice Sánchez-Castillo

Grit is a construct defined by the perseverance and passion of individuals to achieve long-term goals. This construct is measured through the Grit-O (full version of 12 items) and Grit-S (reduced version of 8 items) scales. items). The purpose of this article was to carry out an analysis of the psychometric properties of Grit-O and Grit-S in young university students from Metropolitan Lima. The sample with which we worked were 328 young students from 18 to 29 years old. An analysis of items of both scales was performed, where the Grit-O yielded adequate values in 10 items, while in 2 items they were lower than expected, this in terms of homogeneity index; compared to the Grit-S, which showed acceptable values in its 8 items. In addition, evidence of validity based on internal structure was performed, evidencing the following results: (χ²/gl= 2,36; GFI= 0,98; CFI= 0,96; TLI= 0,95; NFI= 0,96; RMSEA= 0,05; SRMR= 0,05) for Grit-O and χ²/gl= 2,0; GFI= 0,99; CFI= 0,99; TLI= 0,98; NFI= 0,98; RMSEA= 0,05; SRMR= 0,03) for the Grit-S. Similarly, a factorial invariance according to sex was performed, showing that there are no differences when applying the instrument in men and women. As for its reliability, α= 0,72, ω= 0,79 (Grit-O) and α= 0,80, ω= 0,81 (Grit-S) were obtained. Finally, it was evidenced that it correlates with the academic commitment scale (UWESS-9) and dispositional optimism (LOT-R). Concluding that both scales have good psychometric properties, however, the Grit-S shows better statistical adjustments.

By Elizabeth Thais Araja Villegas, Shany Milagros Ortega Condorchoa, Fernando Joel Rosario Quiroz, Sussety del Pilar Altamirano Carrasco, Elena Esther Yaya Castañeda, José Luis Aguilar-Cruzado

Sexting has gained importance in the digital era, and this research contributes to address its implications on the mental health and interpersonal relationships of young people, highlighting the need to educate about its risks and consequences. The study focused on analyzing the link between sexting and personality traits in psychology students at a university in Lima, Peru. Using a quantitative correlational-descriptive methodology, psychological traits associated with this practice were identified and differences were observed according to gender and age in the disposition towards sexting. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the phenomenon in the university context and provide relevant information for the design of educational and preventive strategies aimed at promoting a responsible and safe use of technology in this population.

By Julio Enrique Urrunaga Ramírez, Luzmila Lourdes Garro-Aburto, Janeth Barbaran Reategui, Sussety del Pilar Altamirano Carrasco, José Luis Aguilar Cruzado

The present investigation called “The quality educational service and the competence learning of the students of the Technical Production Centers of the UGEL N. 01, district of Villa El Salvador, Lima, 2019” had as a general objective, to determine the relationship between the service quality education and competence learning of the students of the CETPROS of the UGEL 01- Villa el Salvador- 2019. The method used was the hypothetical-deductive, the design was non-experimental correlational cross-sectional level. The population was about 200 students; the sample was not probabilistic. To collect the data, a questionnaire on quality education service was applied, which consisted of 21 questions on the Likert scale (Never, Almost Never, Sometimes, Almost Always, Always). In the case of the other variable, the minutes of notes of the teachers of the CETPROS were taken as reference. The investigation concludes that there is evidence to affirm that quality educational service and competence learning are correlated because the Spearman Rho correlation coefficient showed a value of 0,820, which means that if the educational service is excellent, students of CETPROS of UGEL 01 will have an outstanding achievement in competency learning.

By Naara Medina-Altamirano, Nerio Enriquez-Gavilan, Gladys Tenorio-Molina, Monica Quispe-Solano, Wilver Ticona-Larico, Cynthia López-Gómez

Technological progress in international logistics is intensifying in order to speed up import and export processes in Customs. A form of automated service that allows to speed up in advance the commercial management being an international guideline. The aim of the research was to analyse the transformation of customs processes in our reality. A qualitative approach was used, using grounded theory with a cross-sectional and exploratory scope. A semi-structured interview was conducted with twenty customs agency officials. The analysis of the interviews led to the conclusion that the changes implemented in the digital transformation of Peruvian customs have been favourable, contributing to improvements in foreign trade.

By Roque Juan Espinoza Casco, Doris Yaya Castañeda, Rudy Gonzalo Chura Lucar, Leonardo Castilla Jibaja, Tania Quiroz Quesada, Julio Samuel Zarat-Suarez

The main objective of this work is to describe the impact of the factors that intervene in customer service at the La Ptite France bakery in Surquillo in the year 2023. The methodology used in the research was of a basic type with a qualitative level approach, also counting on the case study design. The main instruments for data collection were the interview guide that was applied to a selected group of the bakery, also the observation guide in the same way applied to the interviewees and finally the documentary analysis.
It was obtained as a result that customer service is a main point for the bakery, since it not only produces the breads, but also has trained personnel to capture the customer's attention, when they enter the premises to make a purchase or just to consult about the variety of breads that the bakery has. Likewise, the interviewees told us that it is important to have trained personnel, they also carry out strategies to build customer loyalty and satisfy, as their infrastructures currently have a small space, they are also analyzing a new infrastructure in the premises, implementing a second floor.
It is concluded that it is important that companies that have staff are constantly trained to obtain improvements regarding customer service and this makes them feel that the company cares about them by providing good service and attention in terms of their requirements and needs, since in every company today it is at the forefront of what is happening around it and more so if they have competition in the same area, which is why the research work and the contribution it provides to mypes that start and undertake and see an opportunity to learn and execute what is proposed.

By Brigitte Gamarra-Bohorquez, Maricielo Collahua-Medina, Gustavo Zarate-Ruiz, Brian Meneses-Claudio

The current research aims to show how social networks are essential for each company. This is due to the pandemic that we had to go through, because the micro-entrepreneurs could not open their doors because of the situation, and this affected many MYPES causing losses and in some cases definitive closures. Therefore, reaffirming that social tools are of great importance for organizations, which could be of support for the strengthening and growth of organizations, proposing business opportunities through the digital transformation of the business, since to see how social platforms contribute it is necessary to consider the implementation of such networks as: Instagram, Facebook, WhatsApp, LinkedIn, among others. The methodology applied, is a qualitative approach, descriptive in scope, Action research method and the instrument the interview to entrepreneurs of Lima east. Based on the data obtained, we will answer our questions about how the role of social media contributes to business development in the MSEs of Lurigancho-Chosica in 2021.

By Ileim Galindo-Inga, Carmen Diaz-Medina, Brian Meneses-Claudio, Gustavo Zarate-Ruiz

Currently many of the small companies that are starting in the market are unaware of the advantages of electronic commerce and the benefits obtained by using this method of trade. That is why this research work proposes to know how e-commerce is linked to the business growth of the company Inversiones Bonno SAC. For the achievement of the research, the method we have used is qualitative with a descriptive scope. In turn, as a research technique we have applied interviews. As a result, it was obtained that e-commerce is linked to the business growth of the company mentioned, because it mainly helps to increase sales, thus achieving a position in the market and grow in the business environment. As a conclusion it is mentioned that the implementation of e-commerce in a company has a positive impact, because the perception of this market is not minimal, but it is outstanding from the comfort zone. Since, the geographic participation in the sale of products is increased; greater reach to new national markets, fluid and fast communication is maintained through digital media.

By Keiko Juárez-Risco, Teresa Silva-Silva, Segundo Rios-Rios

La ansiedad en los docentes universitarios es un gran desafío desde que se originó la pandemia, y que genera un impacto de manera significativa en su bienestar y aspecto laboral, por lo que, el objetivo de investigación es determinar el nivel de ansiedad en docentes universitarios durante el COVID-19 que acuden a un hospital en el Callao. Es un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, con una población de 89 docentes universitarios que respondieron un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y el Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck. En sus resultados, el 75,3 % (n=67) de los trabajadores no tienen ansiedad, 9 % (n=8) ansiedad leve, 11,2 % (n=10) ansiedad moderada y 4,5 % (n=4) ansiedad grave. En conclusión, se debe implementar estrategias preventivas para la intervención en la salud mental dirigida a docentes universitarios en cuanto a situaciones de emergencia y desastres.

By Lucia Asencios-Trujillo

The quality of life is one of the conditions of physical, emotional and social well-being of older adults who are left vulnerable in the coronavirus pandemic, therefore, the objective of the research is to determine the quality of life in elderly school teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic living in a vulnerable area of North Lima. It is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and non-experimental study, with a population of 122 older adults who answered a questionnaire of sociodemographic data and the instrument to measure the quality of life. In its results, 13,1 % (n=16) of the older adults have a poor quality of life, 73 % (n=89) have a moderately good quality of life and 13,9 % (n=17) have a good quality of life. In conclusion, the health care system should be strengthened in different areas according to the needs of the elderly, including psycho-emotional support and nutrition programs.

By Lucia Asencios-Trujillo, Lida Asencios-Trujillo, Carlos La Rosa-Longobardi, Djamila Gallegos-Espinoza, Livia Piñas-Rivera

The aim of the study was to assess the influence of managerial skills on the business model of small firms. The design was non-experimental and explanatory; the sample consisted of 181 leaders and managers of small enterprises. The instrument used was the management skills and business model questionnaire. It was concluded that the three managerial skills together explain: (1) 65,5 % the business model; (2) 60,5 % the knowledge of the firm's external factors and (3) 49,3 % the knowledge of internal factors. Furthermore, the managerial skills that explain the business model from highest to lowest are: (1) technical skill 47,1 %, (2) conceptual skill 34 % and (3) human skill 24 %. Therefore, the study showed that managerial skills are positive and significant for the performance of the business model. Finally, it is recommended to conduct further studies in small enterprises considering specific economic sectors.

By Roberto Macha Huamán, Marilyn Villanueva-Batallanos, Doris Yaya Castañeda, Rudy Gonzalo Chura Lucar, Leonardo Castilla Jibaja

The aim of this study was to carry out a bibliometric analysis of reading comprehension strategies in basic education in Scopus from 2005 to 2023. Bibliometric analysis, a method for measuring academic production, formed the basis of the research approach. The relevance and the keywords in English (reading AND comprehension AND strategies, elementary AND education) led to the selection of 93 Scopus documents for the study. The results showed that the years with the most publications were 2011, 2016 and 2020 (n=35; 38 %). In addition, one of the main sources was Computers and Education, while Van Keer, H. was the most referenced author (76 citations; 4 papers). Eighty-six percent of the publications were research articles in the fields of social sciences (48 %), computer science (12 %) and psychology (11 %). It can be concluded that the diversity of topics, authors, sources and resources has increased with respect to the subject of reading comprehension strategies in basic education. Thus, building on the solid foundation provided by this analysis, further studies can expand on it.

By Kriss Vanessa Santander Rodriguez, Sonia Alcayhuamán Gil, Belisario Sánchez Rojas, Evert Segundo Suárez Obregón, Patricia Demetria Osorio Meniz

This research allows to observe the work environment present in teachers, since there are different factors that can compromise the emotional well-being of teachers, therefore the objective of the research is to determine the work environment in teachers of a public educational institution in North Lima. It is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, non-experimental study, with a total population of 115 participants who completed a questionnaire of sociodemographic aspects and the work climate test. In their results, 5,2 % (n=6) have a very unfavorable work climate, 2,6 % (n=3) unfavorable, 54,8 % (n=63) average, 32,2 % (n=37) favorable and 5,2 % (n=6) very favorable work climate. In conclusion, training programs should be carried out for teachers, since this will allow them to develop continuously and thus have a good work environment.

By Lucia Asencios-Trujillo, Lida Asencios-Trujillo, Livia Piñas-Rivera

The objective of this research work was to describe the customer experience of a company specialized in delivery by application in North Lima, 2022. The type of methodology used was basic, with a qualitative approach and a case study research design, with a research level of descriptive scope, in addition to the research technique, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 3 customers of the Rappi delivery application in northern Lima, and the coding and triangulation of the interviews was carried out. It was found that the customer experience that is formed in the digital environment of delivery applications, has positive points when offering a product or service to a customer, such as practicality, speed, interaction and connection with the interface also ease of use is one of the key points that relates to the above, because customers are looking for something simple to reduce the time of your day, also to meet the expectations that the customer has, give what is offered, as this will serve as a basis for improvements. Likewise, customer satisfaction is to give the customer that extra of what I offer, and with which the customer feels that there is an accompaniment by the company.
Finally, we can say that the emotions of a customer will be decisive for the experience process, because if an experience plan is not executed, companies today would be failing, as in the case of Rappi, which has digital transformation, but does not have the issue of advice or specialized area in each country and this was expressed by one of the customers.

By Jesus Carrasco-Aguilar, Karen Pando-Sender, Brian Meneses-Claudio, Gustavo Zarate-Ruiz

A study was conducted to evaluate functional capacity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who received methotrexate treatment at a specific medical center during 2013. The study was conducted through a prospective and longitudinal analysis in 46 patients, who received subcutaneous methotrexate in doses of 12.5 to 25 milligrams weekly for one year. Several variables were evaluated, such as age, sex, school level, activity level and functional capacity. The results of the study were presented in contingency tables and percentage analysis, means and Chi-square test were applied. It was observed that 64.3% of the cases were women between 36 and 65 years of age with secondary or pre-university schooling. In addition, a significant improvement in the functional capacity of the patients was observed after methotrexate treatment, with 54.8% of the patients presenting a low level of activity and 14.3% in remission.

By Yodenny González Reyes

Como efecto de la Pandemia de la Covid-19, es previsible que exista un agravamiento de la salud psicológica en la población general. Puede observarse aumento en los niveles de ansiedad y de depresión, dependiendo de los recursos de afrontamiento con que cada persona cuente o de la carencia de ellos. Se realizó un estudio con pacientes convalecientes de Covid-19 en el municipio de Viñales con el objetivo de determinar los niveles de ansiedad, de depresión, y las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas. El estudio tuvo un diseño no experimental, transversal con alcance exploratorio-descriptivo. La selección de la muestra fue no probabilística  y quedó conformada por 77 pacientes. Se emplearon como técnicas la entrevista, el IDARE, el IDERE, y la Escala de  Modos de Afrontamiento de Lazarus y Folkman. Como resultados se identificó un predominio del sexo masculino, el grupo de edades más afectado con 76 % es de 25 a 55 años de edad y el consejo popular más afectado es Viñales. Se evidenciaron   niveles  de ansiedad media como estado y alta como rasgo en el 75%de la muestra, el 86 % presenta niveles de depresión media como estado y alta como rasgo. Las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas fueron centradas en el problema lo cual fue representativo del 90% de los estudiados.

By Zaimara Veliz Moreno, Edelys Núñez Ravelo, Lisandra Arencibia Llanes, Idania Esther Suarez Castillo, Yolanda Contreras Tamargo

A descriptive study was carried out in GBT 3 during the year 2022, with the aim of identifying some factors associated with the abandonment of breastfeeding in infants under 6 months of age. The working universe consisted of 170 infants under six months of age, and the sample consisted of 141 infants. For the elaboration of the project, the mothers or guardians of the infants were surveyed and the clinical history was verified by childcare consultations, using the variables exclusive breastfeeding time, factors associated with the mother for the abandonment of breastfeeding and factors associated with the child for the abandonment of breastfeeding. The main results obtained were as follows: the majority of children abandon breastfeeding between 3 and 4 months of age. Regarding the factors associated with the mother for the abandonment of breastfeeding, it was found that the mothers' level of knowledge related to breastfeeding is inadequate. Most of the mothers have an adequate level of schooling, the number of serious maternal illnesses is not significant, with mastitis predominating and the age group of adolescents. In relation to the factors associated with the child, it was found that term birth predominated, most of the children were exclusively breastfed and the number of children with oropharyngeal malformations was not significant.

By Martha María Correa Gómez

A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out with the aim of determining the frequency of accidents at home in children aged 0 to 14 years in Las Tunas province. The universe of the study was composed of 285 children who suffered accidents and were attended in the family medical offices. The sample consisted of 233 children, selected by simple random sampling. The data were obtained from the records of patients seen. A survey was administered to all the children, which served as the primary record. The results of the study indicated that accidents in the home were more frequent in male children, aged between 1 and 4 years, on Sundays, in the afternoon, and in playground and kitchen areas. Most of the usual caregivers were workers, mainly mothers, and were not present during the accident. Burns were the most common type of accident, with cases presenting sequelae. The months of July and August had the highest incidence of accidents and most of the affected children had a history of domestic accidents. Consequently, it is recommended that training programs for health, education and social work specialists include a focus on the prevention of accidents in the home.

By Rubén Corrales Pérez

Introduction: leptospirosis is a zoonosis of worldwide distribution caused by the bacterium Leptospira interrogans which is acquired by direct or indirect contact with the urine of infected animals, contaminated soil or water sources and is endemic to tropical countries with environmental, climatic, occupational and socioeconomic characteristics that favor its transmission.

Objective: to design a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for suspected human leptospirosis in Primary Health Care.

Development: the research is based on the Dialectical Materialistic approach which allowed deepening the knowledge of the process and its interrelations in the social historical conditions of postgraduate education in the MGI specialist, revealing its main contradictions, selecting, basing and integrating the theoretical, empirical and statistical methods, besides attending postulates of the parameterization theory, in order to apply them in an integrated way and consequently to the research.

Conclusions: with the design of the diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for the suspicion of human leptospirosis contextualized to Primary Health Care, directed to residents and specialists in General Integral Medicine, the purposes of achieving an efficient performance in the transformation of the reality of the health area of Pinar del Río with the management of this disease are concretized.

By Lázaro Yoan Ordóñez-Álvarez, Humbelina Díaz-Alfonso, José Ernesto Blanco-Rodríguez, Dianabel Morejón-Gómez

Introduction: mild cognitive impairment includes for its diagnosis memory complaints, preferably corroborated by an informant; memory impairment according to age and education; preserved general cognitive function; intact activities of daily living; and no evidence of dementia.

Objective: to determine the prevalence and risk associations of mild cognitive impairment in community-dwelling elderly.

Methods: observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, cross-sectional research from January to December 2019. The population consisted of 150 adults over 65 years of age from the family medical office No.1 of Los Palacios municipality.

Results: female sex, age group 80 years and older, medium level of schooling, marital status without a partner, physical inactivity, hypertension, smoking, depression and insomnia were predominant and there were also affectations in immediate and mediate memory. Age and history of stroke were risk factors with statistical significance, while educational level was a protective factor.

Conclusions: the preservation of cognitive functions is a necessary condition to develop an independent and productive life, so intervention strategies are needed to improve the quality of life of older adults.

By Yairelys Espinosa Ferro, Daisy Mesa Trujillo, Juan Jesús Llibre

In this cross-sectional and retrospective design study, the clinical epidemiological behavior of Retinitis Pigmentosa in patients older than 60 years was examined. The universe of patients was 411 people with the diagnosis of the disease and a sample of 90 patients was selected for analysis. The results were obtained using descriptive statistics and presented in tables. The results showed a predominance of patients between 60 and 70 years of age and of white race. The highest number of retinitis cases was recorded in older patients. The most common clinical form of the disease was typical and presented mainly as an autosomal recessive inheritance. Most patients began to experience symptoms of the disease at an early age and were diagnosed in the late stage of the disease. Some 23.3% of patients with recessive inheritance were blind. Cataract was the most common associated eye disease and hypertension was the most common associated general disease. The prevalence of retinitis pigmentosa in the elderly was found to be 21.89%.

By Mario Luis Ramos Gutiérrez

Introduction: low birth weight is considered to be any newborn who at the time of delivery weighs less than 2500g, whatever the cause and regardless of the duration of gestation.

Objective: to describe the maternal risk factors associated with low birth weight at the Pedro Borrás Astorga Polyclinic in the city of Pinar del Rio from January 2020 to May 2022.

Methods: a descriptive, prospective longitudinal research was carried out on 24 mothers whose product of conception was a low-birth-weight neonate at the Pedro Borras Polyclinic, out of a universe of 529 live births in the period from January 2020 to May 2022, to whom a survey was applied to identify the main risk factors that intervened in its incidence.

Results: the maternal risk factors associated with LBW were: maternal age, pregnancy without a stable partner, medium school level, smoking as a toxic habit, short inter-gestational period, preterm delivery, chronic pathologies prior to gestation such as Diabetes mellitus, AHT and pregnancy-associated conditions, with emphasis on genitourinary infections and nutritional anemia.

Conclusions: despite being a small sample, it was possible to establish a significant association between the risk factors found and the occurrence of LBW.

By Yoleiny de la Caridad Lescalle Ortíz, Damaris Cabrera Mejico, Yamaris Mercedes Mena Cabrera Yamaris Mercedes Mena Cabrera, Yudisleidy Quintana Gonzalez , Milexis Sánchez Pedroso

The present research work evaluates the analysis of morbidity risk factors associated with water contamination in the community of San Pedro, through the diagnosis of wellbeing in the individual, family and community, considering its various aspects. The study revealed the health conditions of the population under study in relation to risk factors and the use of services, both preventive and curative, in addition to knowing their health and the structure of the family. An action-research-participatory, quantitative, cross-sectional and longitudinal study was carried out, the units of analysis included 75 inhabitants. The results were predominantly female, of which 20 were children, 43 were young adults and 12 were older adults. It was observed that the living conditions of the family (housing, physical environment, access to education and availability of services) and their causes reflect important aspects that influence the pattern of behavior in relation to the demand for services and, therefore, the satisfaction of needs. An example of this would be the consumption of untreated water, which leads to a high level of morbidity and especially gastrointestinal and dermatological diseases. In the community in question, there is no good water quality due to the lack of knowledge of the inhabitants about the types of treatments that can be applied to the water to make it suitable for human consumption. Given this approach, a proposal is made for the creation of a health education program to reduce the incidence of water diseases due to the consumption of untreated water, implementing the use of handmade filters.

By Luisana Albarrán, María Molina

Arterial hypertension is considered one of the most frequent cardiovascular diseases in the community. An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out with the objective of characterizing arterial hypertension in older adults 21, belonging to the Juan Bruno Zayas University Polyclinic, in the period from 2019 to March 2021. The universe consisted of 195 older adults attended in the clinic 21, of whom a convenience sample of 82 was selected. Theoretical and empirical methods were used, variables were selected that would give output to the proposed objectives such as: age group, sex, race, personal pathological antecedents, nutritional status, health culture, risk factors and associated quantiles per older adult, as well as the medication used in the control of the disease, the data obtained were processed and summarized in tables to which a percentage statistical analysis was applied, The data obtained were processed and summarized in tables to which a statistical analysis was applied, obtaining results such as 32,9 % of the age group between 60 and 64 years, 67 % of the female sex, 76 % had a white skin color, 55 % had a sedentary personal pathological history, 34 % had up to two associated risk factors, 51 % were overweight and 94,04 % used ACE inhibitors as treatment. 04 % used ACE inhibitors as treatment. Maintaining control of the disease contributes to quality of life and satisfactory longevity in the elderly.

By Elianys Gómez Abreu, Luis Alberto Pujada, Amelis Varela Travieso, Yoelis Ramos Roque, Amantaku Miranda Benítez

A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out consisting of the epidemiological clinical characterization of senile cataract in patients over 60 years of age seen in the ophthalmology office in the municipality of Viñales Pinar del Río, in the period from 2015 to 2016. A total of 546 patients between the ages of 60 years and older with a diagnosis of senile cataract and visual acuity less than 0,3 in the Sellen chart were studied by means of a non-probabilistic sampling of type subjects. A structured interview was applied to the entire sample. We arrived at the following results: significant predominance of the female sex and the age group 60 to 69 years, the most frequent accompanying systemic disease in these patients is diabetes mellitus, among the most frequent risk factors identified by the patients is smoking, within the same group predominate patients with grade I of validism, according to the way they live we observed great predominance in patients who live accompanied and according to the visual acuity predominance of the group greater than 0,3.

By Yaritza Rodríguez Cabrera, Haime Peña Aroche, Yolanda Contreras Tamargo, Maikel Díaz Martínez

Exposure to high intensity industrial noise can cause alterations in the different organs of the human body and lead to the appearance of different diseases. Noise is a factor that has been present in the life of human beings since their existence, it is generated in most activities and it is also true that it has increased in work environments. This study aims to characterize clinically and epidemiologically the health alterations and to outline intervention actions in the comprehensive care of the effects of noise pollution in workers of the Combinado Lácteo of the Sandino municipality in the period from September 2019 to September 2021. A prospective, descriptive and observational longitudinal study was carried out as a noise emitting source, to the workers of the mentioned factory. The universe consisted of a total of 120 workers directly or indirectly exposed to industrial noise. The sample consisted of 46 cases with a diagnosis of hypoacusis and other health alterations related to noise exposure. Hearing loss (17 % for both sexes), arterial hypertension (39 % for males and 23 % for females) and anxiety (13 % for males and 15 % for females) were the most frequent health disorders in the exposed population.

By Yuneisy Arbolaez Miranda, Abel Cueto Carmona, Sol Maria Díaz Blanco, Yaima Garcia Gerona, Yaneisy Arbolaez Miranda

Introduction: the study of the infertile couple is complex and costly and requires the attention of the practitioner.

Objective: to describe the clinical-etiological characteristics of female infertility in the municipality of San Juan y Martínez in the period 2020-2022.

Method: a prospective longitudinal observational study was carried out on the female population classified as infertile, evaluating causal and risk factors. Documentary analysis and descriptive statistics were used to process the statistical data obtained. The ethical norms of health research were complied with.

Results: the mean age was 29,6±7,5 years, 68,2 % presented secondary infertility, with statistical significance p<0,05. Fifty-seven percent had infertility time of less than 2 years. 51,3 % were over 30 years of age, university graduate (78,6 %). 53,2 % had pelvic inflammatory disease (OR=2,81, RR=2,11, p=0,009), and history of STI (OR= 2,69, RR=1,99, p=0,006). 37,7 % showed a history of abortions, and 33,8 % reported having psychological symptoms. 18,2 % and 18,3 % presented obesity (RR=2,03, p=0,0036), and a history of endocrine-metabolic disorder (RR=2,29, p=0,0005), showing association between variables and statistical significance. We obtained 50 % (n=77) of clinical pregnancies and 42,2 % (n=65) of live births, with an efficacy of the program above 40 %.

Conclusions: the analysis of female infertility was based on the following results

By Daelys Castro Montesino, Melvis Díaz Díaz, Maidelys Herrera Malagón, Yariel Amaro Díaz, Lilibet Mesa Fernández

Introduction: overweight and obesity are currently of great importance, with numerous implications for maternal-fetal health during pregnancy.

Objective: to determine the level of knowledge about the implications of overweight and obesity in pregnancy.

Methods: observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study, carried out in a sample of 189 pregnant women, belonging to the Modesto Gómez Rubio Teaching Polyclinic, San Juan y Martínez, between 2020 and 2022. The documentary review of clinical histories and the application of a questionnaire allowed obtaining information that gave an output to the variables studied, respecting medical ethics.

Results: pregnant women aged ≥ 40 years (25,9 %) predominated, 56,1 % of them had white skin color, 48.1 % had pre-university school level, and 39,7 % were overweight at the time of enrollment. Arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus (5,3 and 4,2 % respectively) were the main personal pathological antecedents. The orientations of the health personnel (88,4 %) were the main source of information on the implications of overweight and obesity during pregnancy, 72 % of the pregnant women having sufficient knowledge about them.

Conclusions: the demographic profile of the pregnant women was described, showing a predominance of those who were overweight at the time of the interview, and the main personal pathological antecedents were also identified. Among the sources of information on the implications of overweight and obesity for pregnancy, orientation by health personnel was the main one, with a predominance of pregnant women with a sufficient level of knowledge.

By Virginia Santos Geliz, Liosbel Grandia Pérez, Yenia Caraballo Prieto, Leidy Mary Pérez Cruz, Niurka Delgado Vergara

A descriptive, longitudinal, prospective study was carried out in the population who attended multidisciplinary Thyroid consultation and who presented diagnosis of nodular thyroid disease in the Municipality of Pinar del Río. In the period from December 2019 to June 2022, where the histological and ultrasound correlation of thyroid nodules was evaluated using the TI-RADS classification and variables such as age, skin color, sex, ultrasound characteristics of the nodules were defined. The universe was constituted by patients who attended the multidisciplinary thyroid consultation and the sample was intentional, represented by a total of 109 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The results obtained were presented in tables and graphs from which statistical tests of percentage (descriptive statistics) were performed. The results showed that: the predominant age was 51-60 years, white skin color and female sex. Benign nodules predominated in the patients according to their size. The most prevalent characteristic suggestive of malignancy was hypoechogenicity of the nodules. In the distribution of patients according to TIRADS and Bethesda, grade 2 predominated in both, prevailing nodules with low suspicion of malignancy. It was concluded that from the correlation findings, it was determined that the TIRADS/BETHESDA ratio for diagnosing nodules suspicious of benignity coincided in its totality, and only in half for nodules suspicious of malignancy.

By Analiz de Paula Paredes, Darían Ortega Martínez, Miriam Musa Rodríguez, Jose Arteaga Hernández

Introduction: low power laser therapy has proven to be effective, minimally invasive and free of side effects. A large number of patients with periodontal diseases come to the stomatological services. It is necessary to use treatment techniques

with encouraging results, superior to conventional therapeutics.

Objective: to evaluate the response of the low power laser in the treatment of patients with gingivitis.

in the treatment of patients with chronic fibroedematous gingivitis.

Methods: a quasi-experimental study of therapeutic intervention was carried out at the Ormani Arenado Llonch Stomatological Clinic, Pinar del Río, from January to July 2022. The universe (70) and the sample (40) was a non-probabilistic sample at the authors' discretion, according to inclusion criteria. The variables used were: age group, biological sex, evolution and effectiveness of the treatment. The local punctual irradiation technique was applied, evaluating its evolution at 7, 15 and 21 days, using the categories cured, improved and the same. A data base was made and processed, using descriptive statistics, reflected in absolute and relative percentage frequencies.

Results: the age group between 39 and 48 years old prevailed with 42,5 %, being significant the predominance of the male sex with 60 %. Forty-five percent of the patients were cured in a period of one to seven days, reaching 77,5 % between one and fifteen days. An effectiveness rate of 97,5 % was achieved.

Conclusions: it was possible to prove the effectiveness of low power laser in the therapy of patients with Chronic Fibroedematous Gingivitis. No adverse effects were recorded, so its use is recommended

By Xiomara González García , Osmary Porras Mitjans, Juan Antonio Carmona Concepción, Claudia María González Simón

Education centers in Cuba are immersed in a broad process of improvement, aimed at responding to the needs that society demands nowadays and from which future health technicians are not exempt. That is why, in spite of the fact that spelling skills should be strengthened since primary education, there are still difficulties on the part of students regarding the mastery of spelling rules and other essential elements of the mother tongue that should be taken into account to express themselves adequately in written and oral form; therefore, the objective of this work is the elaboration of a system of exercises to develop spelling skills in technical language in students of the technical careers of the Faculty of Medical Sciences Dr. "Ernesto Che Guevara", in the Faculty of Medical Sciences Dr. "Ernesto Che Guevara" and "Ernesto Che Guevara". "Ernesto Che Guevara de la Serna" that will allow us to work on their improvement. Empirical methods such as observation and documentary analysis will be used, which allowed us to reveal the lack of knowledge of the Spanish accentuation rules and the orthographic rules of the main graphemes of the Spanish language used in the technical language to be used, which negatively affects communication in written form and in terms of the result of the final evaluation in each of the subjects they receive in their respective curricula of study and therefore do not contribute to the comprehensive training of future professionals who study in this campus.

By Danay Ramos Torres, Jessica Izquierdo Machín

Introduction: pregnancy is a natural process, a stage of great physiological modifications in the organism, which can lead to the appearance of disorders in the oral health status, which makes it necessary to take care of the pregnant woman's oral health.

Objective: to characterize the oral health status of pregnant women belonging to the health area of the "Raúl Sánchez Rodríguez" University Polyclinic, who attended the "Ormani Arenado Llonch" Teaching Stomatology Clinic, during the period from January to July 2022.

Material and methods: a transversal descriptive observational study was carried out. The universe consisted of 100 pregnant women and the sample consisted of 53, who gave their consent to participate in the research, and the variables studied were: age groups, risk factors (deficient oral hygiene, cariogenic diet and toxic habits) and oral diseases (dental caries, periodontal disease and masticatory dysfunction). The information was obtained by questioning and oral examination. For the statistical analysis the data were processed in an Excel spreadsheet, using the distributions of absolute and relative frequencies.

Results: the age group 18 to 22 years predominated with 20,75 %, dental caries was the most frequent disease together with deficient oral hygiene with 69,81 % and 66,21 % respectively.

Conclusions: the presence of oral diseases and risk factors led to the deterioration of the oral health status of pregnant women.

By Xiomara González García, Osmary Porras Mitjans, Aicza Madelaine Díaz Acosta, Eliesther Cabrera Abreu, Marielys Hernández Arteaga

Introduction: human papillomavirus has become a major health problem, its morbidity and mortality rates are increasing despite the large diagnostic and therapeutic programs achieved in recent years.

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention on human papillomavirus knowledge.

Methods: an intervention study was carried out to modify knowledge about the human papillomavirus in women of childbearing age at CMF #25, in the health area of Pons in the municipality of Minas de Matahambre during the period from May 2020 to May 2022, the universe was made up of 151 women, and the sample selected by criteria was 109.

Results: the predominant age range was 20 to 29 years, and the risk factors present in the sample were the presence of sexual relations beginning before 18 years of age, multiple sexual partners, and unprotected sexual relations. Significant differences were found between the evaluation before and after the level of knowledge about the risk of frequent change of partners and sexually transmitted diseases and their relationship with the human papilloma virus, as well as smoking, the use of hormonal contraceptives and the importance of the cytological test as a means of early diagnosis.

Conclusions: it is demonstrated that the application of the educational intervention strategy was of great importance in terms of increasing the knowledge of risk factors for human papillomavirus in patients of CMF 25 of the Pons health area in the municipality of Minas de Matahambre.

By Yiliana Rivera Miranda, Yanet Sánchez Oropesa, Ludmila Miranda Cordero, Darianna Pérez Rilova, Ivian Martínez Alonso

Introduction: arterial hypertension is one of the most important factors affecting mortality due to cardiovascular disease.

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention on knowledge about hypertension.

Methods: an intervention study was carried out to modify knowledge about arterial hypertension in CMF #5, Viñales municipality. The universe consisted of 210 hypertensive patients, and the sample selected by criteria was 140. Data collection was done through a survey and absolute frequencies and percentages were used to summarize the information.

Results: the predominant age group was over 50 years of age. The risk factors present in the sample were sedentary lifestyle, excessive consumption of salt and fat in meals, smoking and alcoholism. Significant differences were found between the evaluation before and after the level of knowledge of risk factors, possible complications, lifestyle modifications and drug treatment.

Conclusions: it is demonstrated that the application of the educational intervention strategy was of great importance in terms of increasing knowledge about arterial hypertension in doctor's office number 5 in the municipality of Viñales.

By Carlos Alberto Ortega Laureiro, Maria Cristina Valle Campos, Caridad Pérez Pérez, Yaimelin Álvarez Ramos, Armando Zambrana Alfonso

Cervical neoplasia is one of the most common diseases in women today, as it is one of the leading causes of death in developing countries. Each year around 466 000 new cases of cervical cancer occur worldwide, resulting in the death of 231 000 women per year. A descriptive cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out on the Program of early detection of cervical-uterine cancer in the municipality of Mantua.2020-2021, with the objective of characterizing malignant and premalignant pathologies in women over 18 years of age in the municipality of Mantua. 2021. The universe was made up of the female population aged between 18 and 60 years and over, included in the program, with a total of 6630. A sample of 251 women from the territory, between 18 and 60 years of age and over, with positive cytological tests, was used as a sample. In order to meet the proposed objectives, the documentary analysis procedure was used, reviewing the cytology cards. The information obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics, using the percentage as a summary measure. This documentary review made it possible to obtain data for the execution of the research. This study made it possible to identify the most affected age groups, the risk factors, as well as the form of presentation of neck pathologies in Mantua municipality, Pinar del Río province.

By Amantaku Miranda Benítez, Elianys Gómez Abreu, Luis A Pujada Muñoz, Amelis Varela Travieso, Yoelis Ramos Roque

Introduction: in recent years, the Program for Diagnosis and Prevention of Genetic Diseases has contributed to reduce the infant mortality rate and to improve the quality of life of the population.

Objectives: to evaluate the prenatal diagnosis program for congenital malformations, through the quantification of alpha-fetoprotein in maternal serum.

Methods: a descriptive, prospective, longitudinal study was conducted on the total number of pregnant women from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2018, in the two Health Areas of the Sandino municipality using data from the municipal and provincial Genetics consultation.

Results: the coverage of the AFPSM program was 98,13 % and of them 6,46 % resulted high, patients without explainable cause were the predominant ones with 33,93 % followed by threatened abortion and low maternal weight with 22,92 and 21,57 % respectively, 5,84 % were due to some type of fetal malformation. The most frequent fetal malformations were neural tube closure defects and anterior wall defects with 34,61 and 26,92 % respectively.

Conclusions: the prenatal diagnosis program for congenital malformations through the determination of alpha-fetoprotein in maternal serum has been improved over time, as shown by the increase in screening, the number and type of malformations diagnosed, as well as the decrease in infant mortality due to this type of malformation.

By Pedro Antonio Ramírez Sosa, Yarelis Prieto Hernández, Rosa María Ajete Rodríguez, Yenia Ledesma Vega, Yusimi Martínez Fernández, Yeisleidy González Borges

The brain is the organ most prone to bleed on its own surface. One of the most frequent forms occurs in the subarachnoid space, a condition known as Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH).  An investigation was carried out with the aim of characterizing the factors that determine the appearance of secondary lesions in patients over 18 years of age with non-traumatic SAH admitted to the stroke ward and ICU of the Abel Santamaría Cuadrado Hospital during the period 2020 - 2022.  The information was obtained directly by interview and exhaustive review of the clinical history by means of a descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study; the data were processed following descriptive statistics, basically of percentage ratio.  The universe consisted of 125 patients with this diagnosis who attended the emergency department at that stage and the sample consisted of 63 patients admitted to the stroke or ICU department who met the inclusion criteria. In addition to sociodemographic variables, etiological factors, time elapsed from symptom onset to medical care, tomographic characteristics by Fisher classification, most frequent complications in the sample, decision of medical or surgical treatment, mortality and hospital stay were analyzed. There was a predominance of men, white skin color and ethereal group aged 70 to 79 years. Most of the patients were from rural areas. The most frequent etiological factors were HT and aneurysmal causes. The vast majority with tomographic study according to Fisher classification were type II and IV.  Among the most frequent non-neurological complications, pneumonia was associated with high mortality and prolonged hospital stay. An average stay of 12 days. Mortality below average and associated with non-interventional treatment.

By Ana Laura Cuador Cue, Heidys de la C. Oliva Rodríguez, Igrayne Ramírez Muñoz, Yuniel Sobrino Trujillo, Abel Fábregas Valdés

Introduction: cardiovascular diseases are a group of conditions of the heart and blood vessels. There are risk factors that have a greater contribution in the development of these diseases.

Objective: to identify cardiovascular risk factors in older adults belonging to the family doctor's office No. 6 from January 2020 to April 2022.

Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out, from a universe of 192 older adults, 152 were selected by non-probabilistic purposive sampling. Theoretical and empirical methods, such as surveys, were used for data collection. For statistical analysis, the distribution of absolute frequencies and percentages were used, in addition to the Odds ratio, to verify the association between risk factors and cardiovascular diseases.

Results: the predominant age group in the sample studied was between 60 and 69 years of age and female sex; alcohol consumption, smoking, dyslipidemia and arterial hypertension were the cardiovascular risk factors significantly associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases; more than half of the sample presented a diagnostic conclusion of high risk for the development of a cardiovascular event.

Conclusions: cardiovascular risk factors in older adults constitute a problem to be faced by Primary Health Care in order to reduce the development of cardiovascular diseases in this age group.

By Yuliany Díaz Pena, Diana Belkis Gómez Guerra, Máximo Ramírez Fernández, Luis M González Izquierdo, Osvaldo Guevara Sabatier

ABSTRACT

Introduction: low birth weight is a complex health problem. It is determined by several factors and is the most important predictive index of infant mortality.Objective: to describe the risk factors related to low birth weight in the municipality of Pinar del Río. 2019Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out. The universe consisted of 94 live newborns with low birth weight in the period studied and the sample was 93 that met the inclusion criteria established in the research. The variables used were: maternal age, gestational age at birth, risk factors (personal pathological history, conditions associated with pregnancy), nutritional assessment and weight gain during gestation. The sources used were the medical records of the mothers and newborns. Data were summarized in absolute and relative frequencies.Results: maternal age between 20 and 25 years predominated with 36,55 %, mainly in the interval of 33 to 36 weeks of gestation, vaginal discharge syndrome and anemia prevailed with 7,52 and 6,45 % respectively; a predominance of vaginal infection was found (19,35 %). The 52,68 % were normal weight and 34,40 % with adequate weight gain. Conclusions: low birth weight was significantly associated with mothers between 20 and 25 years old, with gestation time less than 37 weeks, with predominance of infection; both modification and knowledge of the risk factors associated with low birth weight will have a favorable impact on its reduction.

By Bertha Vivian Gil Figueroa, Idalberto Martin Piedra, Estela Morejón Tapia, Pablo Jesús Padrón Iglesias, Yuritza Morales Francisco

Adolescence is usually the age of contradictions and misunderstandings, all this together with misinformation and lack of sexual education, makes it possible for adolescents to believe that they are able to conceive. A quasi-experimental study (educational intervention) was carried out with the objective of raising the level of knowledge in adolescents with the implementation of an educational program on pregnancy in CMF 32, Viñales municipality, during the period from January 2021 to March 2022. The sample consisted of 44 female adolescents. A survey was applied before and after the intervention that collected the variables: age, level of knowledge about the appropriate age to have the first child, contraceptive methods and the consequences of pregnancy. The data were processed through a frequency analysis (%) and the nonparametric test of the sign test was applied to evaluate the modifications in the knowledge of the adolescents before and after the intervention. It was possible to increase knowledge about pregnancy in the adolescents under study. It was obtained that 100 % of the adolescents have knowledge on topics such as: pregnancy in adolescence, optimal age of pregnancy, contraceptive methods and complications with a lower level of risk to the fetus. A total of 93,2 % know about contraceptive methods, thus reducing the number of adolescent pregnancies, as well as the formation of the first group of health promoters.

By Osniel González, Irialis Pérez, Yenisleidy Muñoz

Introduction: epidermal necrolysis is a mucocutaneous hypersensitivity reaction induced mainly by drugs and infections. It includes two conditions that differ in the percentage of affected skin: Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.

Case presentation: 52-year-old female patient, white skin, with personal pathological history of mesangial glomerulonephritis (IgA) and secondary chronic renal failure, nephrotransplanted since 34 years ago, with functional graft under immunosuppressive treatment. She was referred from her health area to the Nephrology Service of the General Teaching Hospital "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado" for presenting evolving herpes zoster, with bacterial superinfection in the right hemithorax, accompanied by intense pain, fever up to 39 °C, general malaise and disseminated dermatosis. 

Conclusions: the patient presented a picture of epidermal necrolysis related to the immunosuppressive state after renal transplantation as a complication of herpes zoster.  The diagnosis was based on clinical findings and through timely treatment, a satisfactory discharge was possible.

By Yangel Fuentes Milián, Víctor Manuel Hernández Valdés, Maydelis Crusa Lorenzo

Introduction: consumerist lifestyles and lifestyles have been established in modern life. The habit of smoking in adolescence from an early age favors the increase of various health problems.

Objective: to determine the level of knowledge about smoking among adolescents in Clinic #13, Minas Popular Council, "José Elías Borges" Polyclinic, during the period from June 2020 to May 2022.

Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. The universe consisted of 94 adolescents and the sample consisted of 89, selected by non-probabilistic sampling by criteria, theoretical and empirical methods were used for data collection such as interview and questionnaire, the statistical analysis was performed using frequency distribution and percentage.

Results: adolescents between 16 and 18 years of age, male and with an approved high school level, predominated as an associated disease, predominantly gastritis. The reasons for starting the habit were mainly conditioned by the influence of friends; in general, adolescents have an inadequate level of knowledge since they are unaware of the consequences of smoking on their health.

Conclusions: adolescence is the time when smokers mainly start smoking, therefore, preventive work is necessary from early stages of life.

By Yerais González González, Adriana Prieto Alfonso, Antonio Martínez González, Mayle Acosta Valdés, Annareyi Acosta Camejo

The use of teaching aids has a significant influence on the improvement of the Teaching-Learning Process. The problem encountered refers to the subject: Introduction to the Laboratory, which belongs to the Discipline: Integral Laboratory Diagnosis, which is taught in the 1st year of the Clinical Bioanalysis and Clinical Analysis and Transfusion Medicine career of the Short Cycle Superior Technician, in the Subject: Laboratory Glassware and in particular Neubauer Chamber, in the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Pinar del Río. The implementation of a teaching aid that shows the necessary aspects for the assembly, reading and analysis of cell counts in the different sections of the Clinical Laboratory that require it to facilitate the delivery of reliable laboratory results, will offer a solution to the following Scientific Problem: How to contribute to the developmental learning in the subject of Laboratory Introduction in the Clinical Bioanalysis Careers in the Faculty of Medical Sciences Dr. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna? This work aims to design graphic and theoretical elements to facilitate the understanding, assimilation and mastery of the content related to: Neubauer Chamber. For the conception of this didactic means, the facilities of ICT were used, essentially the Excel program, reaching the conclusion that this theoretical-practical contribution constitutes a valuable tool to introduce this new content, to accompany the student in the realization of the practical activities of Education at Work and to favor the interdisciplinarity with the subject of Informatics I.

By Orlando Barrera Romero, Denia Hernández Morejon, Aray Izquierdo Paredes, Mayda Rodríguez Alvarez

Introduction: the improvement of health professionals is a necessity due to the continuous scientific and technical development.

Objective: to identify the regularities of the professional training process on Community Acquired Pneumonia for Internal Medicine teachers at León Cuervo Rubio Hospital in Pinar del Río.

Methods: an educational research was developed based on the dialectical-materialistic method, integrating qualitative and quantitative aspects, using theoretical and empirical methods such as the historical-logical, systemic-structural, documentary review, surveys, interview and observation respectively. In addition, descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used, the sample used was 25 intentionally selected specialists in Internal Medicine teachers. The variable studied was the professional training process on Community Acquired Pneumonia.

Results: insufficient training actions on CAP directed to teachers. Deficient integration of CAP contents in on-the-job education through the use of the clinical method. Improvement actions with a sequential approach to the objectives and contents of NAC have not yet been organized. Weaknesses in the pedagogical preparation of teachers to improve performance in the management of Community Acquired Pneumonia.

Conclusions: there are limited actions for the improvement of CAP management; the planned professional development process does not make possible the updating and deepening of CAP contents, necessary to improve the performance of teachers in order to transform the health status of admitted patients and improve their quality of life.

By Nitza Hernández Suárez, Belkis Ferro Gonzalez, Rogelio Labrado Alemán, Idania Ivone Tamayo Batista, Maribel Sandrino Sánchez, Adalbeto García Miranda

The teaching-learning of Mathematics is undergoing a process of renewal of its approaches, which aims at having students acquire a scientific conception of the world, an integral culture, with attitudes necessary to be useful to our society, sensitive, responsible in the face of social problems. Among the changes in the teaching-learning of the subject Mathematics is to enhance the development of students towards higher levels of performance, through the performance of increasingly complex tasks, even of interdisciplinary nature. Therefore, with this work we intend to elaborate a system of teaching tasks which will gather theory, examples and proposed exercises of mathematics for students of professional training and technical education of the Faculty of Medical Sciences, giving solution to the bibliography problems that affect the good development of the teaching-learning process at this moment. The objective is to elaborate a system of teaching tasks in the subject of mathematics for the students of the Professional training and of the medium technician of Surveillance and Antivectorial Fight of the Faculty of Medical Sciences, favoring a greater efficiency of the teaching-learning process. A documentary review will be carried out to study the existing documents related to the study program, allowing to characterize the object of study and the relationships established between the elements that integrate the contents in the students of the professional technical education.

By Orlando Díaz Rojas, Aymé Olivera Valdés, Ivany Azcuy García, Fabian Pérez Hernández

Introduction: infertility is a health problem that affects couples of reproductive age worldwide.

Objective: to design an educational strategy on the causes of couple infertility in the population of San Juan y Martínez 2019-2021.

Methods: an observational, descriptive, prospective longitudinal study was carried out. The sample consisted of 189 infertile couples. Theoretical, empirical and statistical methods were used. The statistical method used was descriptive statistics.

Results: the mean age of the female population was 28,9±7,8 years, 67,2 % had secondary infertility. Of the male population, 60,3 % presented primary infertility, with a mean age of 32,4±6,1 years. There was a predominance in women (15,3 %), with the presence of endocrinometabolic diseases. The main causes of female infertility were found to be infections with 39,2 %, tubal (19,6 %) and ovarian factors (18 %). In male infertility, spermatozoa (63,7 %), testicular (22,8 %) and infections (5,3 %) were the main causes. The associated risk factors were testicular or seminal tract disorders (male) with 74,6 % (X2= 19,59, p=0,000, RR=2,09), unfavorable gynecological factors (female) with 71,95 % (X2=6,49, p=0,01, RR=2,03). 01, RR=2,03), psychological factors, 28,4 % (X2=12,90, p=0,000, RR=1,50), exposure to risk factors in men with 20,6 % (X2=13,86, p=0,000) and obesity (p=0,03, OR=1,73, RR=1,3).

Conclusions: the clinical-epidemiological study of couple infertility allowed the design of an educational strategy to promote healthy lifestyles in the population at risk as part of the preventive treatment of infertility.

By Daelys Castro Montesino, Dailetys Pérez Valdés, María C. Díaz Rodríguez, Kirenia Oliva Alfonso, Yenia Linares Valdez

Introduction: polypharmacy in the elderly is considered one of the capital problems of geriatrics, the elderly frequently suffers from one or more non-communicable diseases, which predispose them to visit several doctors for their care and thus the frequent polypharmacy so aggressive for their health.

Objective: to characterize polypharmacy in the elderly belonging to the medical office # 20 of the "Manuel Piti Fajardo" polyclinic health area of Guane Pinar del Río, in the period from October 2019 to April 2022.

Method: descriptive cross-sectional study on polypharmacy, the universe was constituted by the totality of patients aged 60 years and over, the sample constituted by all the elderly aged 60 years and over who use polypharmacy. Theoretical and empirical methods were used, through patient surveys and review of medical records.

Results: among the elderly with polypharmacy, there was a predominance of women over men and the predominant age range was 60 to 75 years old. The risk factors present were varied, including low educational level, the presence of two or more associated comorbidities, high socioeconomic level, easy availability of drugs and stress.

Conclusions: the most used group were antihypertensive drugs due to arterial hypertension as the predominant disease, related to which the predominant adverse drug reaction was cough, a symptom frequently associated with antihypertensive drugs, and the behavior of self-medication was observed, which is increasing over the years.

By Yadiana Pérez Pulido, Nora M. Lemus Fajardo, Danilo Álvarez Brito, Marianela Puerto Martínez, Freddys Lams Laurent

Introduction: adolescence is a period of rapid growth and important changes in body composition; it is a stage with a high prevalence of nutritional disorders, and excess malnutrition is among the most frequent.

Objectives: to characterize adolescents with excess malnutrition belonging to the Rafael María de Mendive Mixed Center of the Sandino municipality in the period from September 2020 to January 2021.

Methodology: a descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out. The universe was represented by 552 adolescents, between 12 and 17 years of age, the sample consisted of 197 adolescents of either sex by simple random sampling. A descriptive statistical analysis was applied by calculating the numerical and percentage distribution, as well as the mean and standard deviation. The variables, age, sex, birth weight, blood pressure, risk factors and biochemical variables were used.

Results and conclusions: obese adolescents predominated in 50,8 % of the male sex, of the age group between 16 and 17 with (37,6 %) with obesity in 50,8 %, there was a predominance of normal weight (82,7 %), with normal blood pressure figures in (81,2 %) and overweight with 43,7 %, Abdominal obesity was the most frequent risk factor in 100 %, microalbuminuria in 23,4 % of the patients, which shows the importance of adequate nutritional habits and modification of healthy lifestyles to avoid excess malnutrition in adolescents.

By Maykel Díaz Piña, Maricela Troche Valdés, Raúl Machado Rodríguez, Daimy Baños Sotuyo, Roxana García Lores

A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out with the objective of characterizing the alcoholic patient and his family, in the health area attended by the polyclinic "Fermín Valdés Domínguez", in the municipality Viñales, in the period from 2018 to 2020. The universe was constituted by 215 dependent patients. The sample selected by simple random method, was made up of 150 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The development of the research included a system of methods integrated by theoretical, empirical and statistical procedures Variables such as age group, causes and consequences of alcoholism as well as paranormative crises were studied. The statistical analysis was performed using a database created in the Microsoft Excel system, where the data were subjected to percentage analysis, and the respective tables and graphs were subsequently prepared for a better interpretation of the information. The results of the research showed that 54,70 % belonged to the age group of 20-40 years, the main cause of alterations in family functioning was the rejection of the alcoholic relative with 80 %, divorce for 90,7 % was the consequence that most affected family functioning, 98,7 % manifested a daily alcohol intake as their lifestyle and the main paranormative crisis present in 100 % of the families studied was demoralization.

By Yunio Hernández Castro, Clemente Hernández Castro, Gabriel Arencibia Pita, Maria Luisa Leiva Pérez, María Cristina Valle Campo

A descriptive, retrospective, observational, analytical and retrospective research was carried out with the objective of evaluating the results achieved in the Educational Teaching Process in the careers of Medicine, Stomatology, Bachelor's Degree in Nursing and Bachelor's Degree in Health Technology, its influence on health services and on the resolutivity of medical assistance, in Mantua, in the period 2020- 2022, which facilitated an evaluation of the impact of the process of decentralization of teaching in the territory. The study was carried out with all the students enrolled and graduated from SUM and the general teaching staff in the corresponding period.

In order to fulfill the objectives, the information obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics, using the percentage as a summary measure, the documentary analysis procedure was used and the SUM archives were reviewed in the period 2020/2022. All this documentary review allowed us to obtain the data for the execution of the research. This study allowed to deepen in the process of decentralization of education and its influence on health services in Mantua municipality, Pinar del Río province, identifying the aspects that made possible these achievements and the contribution to the community.

By Sol María Díaz Blanco, Yamile Carmona Hernández, Yaima Garcia Gerona, Luis A. Pujadas Muñoz

Introduction: cancer is a disease of multifactorial origin, related to genetic and environmental risk factors. Aging is a phenomenon that occurs in the world and in Cuba. In Pinar del Río there is an important incidence of cancer in the elderly.

Objective: to evaluate the risk factors associated with some types of cancer in the older adult belonging to the medical office 12 of the Ernesto Guevara de la Serna polyclinic, Sandino in the period September 2018 to May 2019.

Method: a longitudinal and prospective analytical study was conducted, the universe consisted of 332 older adults, a simple random sample of 90 older adults was selected, the variables used gave them output to the research objectives, theoretical, empirical and descriptive statistics methods were used, given in numbers and %, the final results were summarized in tables.

Results: 32,2 % belonged to the age group 65-69 years, 64,4 % were female, 66,7 % were white, with pre-university school level, had other occupations, 40 % were married, normal weight (50 %) and overweight (33,3 %), 40 % were sedentary, had up to 3 risk factors associated with 45,5 %, such as family pathological history of arterial hypertension and personal hypertension, as well as breast cancer.

Conclusions: risk factors such as sedentary lifestyle, poor eating habits and smoking predominated; the combination of several of these factors favors the appearance of breast, endometrial and colorectal cancer in women and lung, colorectal and prostate cancer in men.

By Elidia Valladares Padrón, Fidel Cala Delgado, Osvaldo García Aragón, Gilberto Martínez Rojas, German Pintado Ramos

Introduction: adolescent pregnancy is a social, economic and public health problem of considerable magnitude.

Objective: to determine psychosocial factors associated with adolescent pregnant women in Basic Work Group No. 1. Manuel Piti Fajardo" Polyclinic of Guane in Pinar del Río, from January 2020 to May 2022.

Method: observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. The universe consisted of 28 pregnant adolescents and the sample was 25, selected by means of non-probabilistic, intentional criteria, considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Theoretical and empirical methods were used, through patient surveys, review of medical records and application of tests and statistics.

Results: predominance of patients aged 17-19 years, pre-university, single, housewife, from medium and extended families with whom they had little communication, daughters of mothers who had had pregnancies at that stage of life, did not live with their father, did not use contraceptive methods, first sexual intercourse before 15 years of age and 3 or more sexual partners in the last year, consumed alcohol and had low levels of anxiety and depression as a state and trait.

Conclusions: poor communication, history of being daughters of adolescent mothers, absence of the father, early initiation of sexual relations without contraceptive methods and alcohol consumption were found to be psychosocial factors associated with adolescent pregnancy.

By Yarisleidy Figuerate Santiesteban, Manuel Díaz López, José Felipe Pimentel Pimentel, Ismarys García Marrero, Joel Domínguez Álvarez

Introduction: arterial hypertension has a high incidence, the frequency of hypertensive crisis is relatively low, even though mortality due to this event is still very high.

Objective: to apply an educational intervention to reduce the frequency of hypertensive crisis in patients of clinic 6 of Viñales municipality in 2018.

Methods: an educational intervention was carried out, the universe consisted of 120 hypertensive patients, a sample of 47 patients who presented hypertensive crisis on one or more occasions in 2018 was selected, theoretical, empirical and descriptive statistical methods were used, the Wilconsun Chi-square statistic was applied. The study was developed in three moments: a diagnosis of the problem, another one elaborating the educational intervention strategy and the last one evaluating the results of the intervention program before and after its application.

Results: there was a predominance of the male sex and the age group from 40 to 60 years; they were in stage I of the disease, most of them presented headache and chest pain as symptoms; before the intervention they presented up to two hypertensive crises, after the intervention most of them did not present crises, the modifiable risk factors present were related to animal fat intake, not practicing physical exercise and salt intake; before the intervention they did not know the disease, after the intervention their knowledge was good, as well as the therapeutic management improved.

Conclusions: the educational intervention program applied to hypertensive patients was satisfactory in reducing hypertensive crises, improving the health status and quality of life of the patients.

By Yurisleidi Álvarez Álvarez, Caridad Crespo González, Iliuska Sánchez Rodríguez, Hermes Islas Hernández, Ana María Cándano Acosta

With the purpose of determining the influence of educational work on hygienic practices and the prevalence of parasitism, an educational intervention on intestinal parasitism was carried out in schoolchildren belonging to the Camilo Cienfuegos Primary School, El Rosario community, during the period from February 2017- May 2018. The study included 51 children enrolled from preschool to sixth grade, to whom stool samples were collected in the anal region by Graham's method. A survey was administered to parents to learn about hygienic practices and hygienic-epidemiological conditions. The variables studied were the presence of parasitism, type of parasite, associated symptoms and hygienic practices present. Absolute numbers and percentages were used to summarize the information and tables were used for presentation. The prevalence of parasitism was 84,31 % and Enterobius vermicularis was the most frequent. Anal pruritus and irritability were the predominant symptoms for which treatment was applied. Learning needs and attitude modifications were identified, for which a study program was designed. Six months after the educational intervention, a second sample was taken and the parents' survey was applied for the second time. A significant decrease in parasitism was found, as well as positive modifications in the hygienic practices of the population studied. 

By Yusmilka Gutiérrez Cordero, Armando Gil Correa, Yarelis de la Caridad Vento Valdés, Iván Martínez Rivera, Emilio Falcón Chávez

Objective: to determine the legality and effects of the minimum industry and commerce tax, applied to microentrepreneurs in the municipality of Florencia - Caquetá, taxable year 2020.
Method: the design used is a mixed approach, descriptive type where the sample was carried out. by network or snowball, due to the difficulties of finding microentrepreneurs who met the basic requirements, a survey was also developed with 31 participants and two interviews with professional experts in taxes.
Results: for the interviewees, the minimum collection of the industry and commerce tax has a negative trend since, for the interviewees, this action seeks to find a way out of tax planning in a strategic manner, which was not foreseen to maintain a balance. in the economy, where consequently this fact is a violation of the principles of legality, equality and progressiveness. For the results of the surveys, it is possible to detect strong commercial trends towards the social impact of said tax, where the most affected did not receive any type of economic support from the State, but were obliged to respond for a tax where 990 businessmen had declared zero taxes before the municipal administration.
Discussions: as in the results obtained, it can be seen that the vast majority of authors and accounting experts who refer to the minimum payment of the industry and commerce tax as a violation of Colombian regulations, generating with this fact the level of impact caused by covid-19.
Conclusions: the principle of legality is violated, if any municipality within its powers to impose territorial taxes, establishes them outside the national guidelines, as happened with the minimum collection of the industry and commerce tax in the municipality of Florencia, in the same way the entrepreneurs considering that a minimum charge in a post-pandemic scenario should not be made because they acquire zero income that was declared before the administration in the validity of the year 2020.

By Viviana Valencia Orrego, Deisy Yaneth Hernández, Carlos Alberto Gómez Cano

The aim of the research is to explore the impact of e-learning on teaching practice. The approach used was a qualitative systematic literature review; consulting academic literature. There are numerous coincidences that teachers faced in the context of the health emergency: the need for self-training, lack of digital competences and emotional afflictions. The new normality conditions a trend towards a more digital education and it is time for a new transition where technology must be incorporated into Peruvian schools as a necessary tool for the learning process. In the future, changes must be made in teacher training. Teachers need to have the knowledge about teaching methodologies and the use of technologies to move from face-to-face to online teaching as a way to innovate and adapt to the new demands of learning today.

By Roque Juan Espinoza Casco, Jair Omar Alvarado Espinoza, Crystal Massiel del Carmen Reyna Quispe, Pedro Ricardo Quiroz Quezada, Tania Quiroz Quesada, Percy Junior Castro Mejía

One of the fatal diseases that occurs in women is breast cancer and is associated with late diagnosis and poor access to medical care according to the patient's needs, therefore neural networks play a relevant role in detection of breast cancer and aims to be a support to guarantee its accuracy and reliability in cancer results. Therefore, the aim of the present systematic review is to learn how neural networks help to improve accuracy in breast cancer diagnosis through image recognition. For this, the formula generated with the PICO methodology was used; Likewise, the first result was 203 investigations related to the topic and based on the established inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 final free access scientific articles were selected from the Scopus database. In relation to the results, it was found that the use of neural networks in the diagnosis of breast cancer, especially convolutional neural networks (CNN), has proven to be a promising tool to improve the accuracy and early detection of the disease, reaching achieve an accuracy of 98 % in the recognition of clinical images, which means a big difference compared to traditional methods. On the other hand, although there are challenges such as the limited availability of high-quality data sets and bias in training data, it is suggested to investigate the development of methods that integrate multiple sources of information and the use of deep learning techniques.

By Walter Aviles-Yataco, Brian Meneses-Claudio

Chronic tobacco use is currently a social phenomenon that affects indiscriminately all sectors of the population and constitutes one of the major problems faced by health authorities. This work was carried out with the aim of expanding knowledge about smoking and describing the benefits of physical exercise on human health in the months of October and November 2019. A bibliographic review of 20 updated articles was performed, by consulting databases of referative systems, such as MEDLINE, LILACS,IBECS, Scielo, with the use of descriptors such as smoking, addiction, health prevention; as main results are reflected: the components of tobacco and the damage it causes to health, the damage to pregnant women and children are exposed, recommendations to quit smoking, preventive actions, the benefits of the practice of physical exercise. It is concluded that smoking is a serious health problem in communities, affecting the individual, the family and society in general, and is associated with multiple diseases, mainly cardiovascular diseases and cancer, which are nowadays the leading causes of death in the adult population.

By Tania Calzada Iglesias, Roxana García Lores, Juan Gabriel Rodríguez Gutiérrez, Alexis Relova Crespo, Luis E Marin Suárez

The disease was discovered in 1958 when two outbreaks similar to human smallpox occurred in monkey colonies, hence the name "monkeypox". However, its presence has increased in other regions of the world during the last decade compared to the previous 40 years. Monkeypox (MPX) is a tropical zoonotic disease endemic to parts of Africa; however, it is no longer limited to endemic regions and is therefore a pathogen of global public health importance. It is transmitted by contact with an infected person or animal or with material contaminated by the virus. The clinical picture is similar to human smallpox. The diagnosis is clinical-epidemiological and various laboratory techniques are used to confirm it; supportive measures are individual and depend on the evolution of the disease; antivirals are used for the treatment of severe forms. Standard smallpox vaccines were shown to induce strong cross-protection against Monkeypox (MPXV).

By Irma Martín Alvarez, Lorenzo Rodríguez Rodríguez, Karelis Castro Izquierdo, Onelis Hernández Domínguez, Dariel Díaz Díaz

Introduction: the aging of the Cuban population constitutes an important challenge of the present and the immediate future because this population group faces changes and health problems that affect the deterioration of their quality of life.

Objective: to evaluate the social support to the elderly in the medical office 3, of the Policlínico Fermín Valdés Domínguez, Viñales municipality, from January 2020 to July 2022.

Method: quasi-experimental research was carried out applying an intervention strategy, the universe was formed by 299 older adults of the community, from them a sample was selected by simple random method of 200 older adults, theoretical, empirical and statistical methods were used that allowed processing the information in absolute and relative frequencies.

Results: the sample was characterized for being predominantly female with 52 %, with an age range between 70 and 74 years, for 25,5 %, most of them had a basic secondary school level completed, were married, retired; they belonged to complete and small nuclear families, the social resources were classified as excellent in 50,5 % and it was found that 51,5 % of the older adults receive somewhat frequent support.

Conclusions: the development of a community intervention to increase social support for older adults in clinic 3 contributed to improve the quality of life of this age group by increasing the social resources available to them, their support networks, and decreasing the incidence and decompensation of chronic diseases.

By Arletys Arteaga García, Gicela Díaz Pita, Marielis Duarte González, Niurka Rodríguez Hernández

Perioperative malnutrition is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and, even knowing this reality, up to 65% of patients undergoing surgery. Malnutrition in the critically ill patient is a common problem and its most important consequence is increased morbidity and mortality. A total of 17 bibliographic references were used to describe the importance of nutrition in the perioperative patient. The objectives of perioperative nutritional support are to minimize the negative protein balance avoiding malnutrition; to maintain the immunological function improving postoperative recovery.

By Adriana Fuentes Breijo, Liadne Cristina Labrador Morejón, Yudalis Pérez Machín

A descriptive transectional research was carried out, with a parallel mixed design, at the "Epifanio Rojas Gil" Polyclinic, in the period between September and November 2022, with the objective of characterizing the educational styles of the parents/guardians of children who presented school maladjustment. The sample was non-probabilistic, of subject-types, and consisted of the 12 preschool and first grade children who were previously diagnosed with school maladjustment in the first consultation, in the aforementioned period, as well as the 18 parents/guardians who acted as protagonists in the education of these children. The techniques used for the study were: a questionnaire of educational styles and a questionnaire of communication styles to the parents/guardians as well as an interview to the parents/guardians and a cartoon technique and a semi-structured interview to the children in order to corroborate the information obtained. Frequency analysis and methodological triangulation were used to process the information. The most significant results indicated the existence of a predominance of the authoritarian educational style in the parents/guardians, as well as a similarity between the parents/guardians' self-perception of their educational style and the children's perception of this style. 

By Mileiby Ramos Prieto

Introduction: In pediatric ages, the consequences of severe head injuries become more complex and the probability of developing permanent sequelae increases. In addition, mortality is higher than 90%.
Objective: To describe the intensive care and neurosurgical management of pediatric patients with severe traumatic brain injury.
Methods: A search and selection of updated bibliography was made through the portals: SciELO, PubMED and Google Scholar, in the period between February 2 and March 9, 2022. The descriptors "cranial injury", "trauma", "emergencies", "intensive care", "pediatrics" and combinations between them were used, both in Spanish and English, obtaining a total of 32 articles of which 26 were used.
Results: Life-threatening injuries are evaluated first, which transits between paramedical and emergency care. If a mass injury is found, decompression is performed. Otherwise, it is sent to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, where complications will be prevented by decreasing cerebral perfusion pressure and maintaining adequate control of the internal milieu.
Conclusions: Management in intensive care is aimed at safeguarding life by balancing the airway, taking care of intracranial pressure, and overriding possible risk factors. For this purpose, first and second line measures are carried out, such as: decompressive craniotomy, sedation mechanisms, anticonvulsant prophylaxis, infection and hypothermia.

By Emily Enríquez-Pérez

Introduction: Sepsis is a syndrome of life-threatening physiological, pathological and biochemical abnormalities associated with infection. These abnormalities are secondary to a disproportionate immune response to infection, which ultimately damages the patient's own tissues and organs and leads to multiorgan dysfunction.
Objective: To describe the risk factors, clinical manifestations, treatment and diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.
Methods: The following databases were consulted: SciELO, DIALNET, Healthline, MEDLINE and PubMed. Articles in Spanish and English were retrieved and 14 references were selected.
Development: Neonatal sepsis syndrome is one of the main causes of mortality in children. Daily practice in pediatric and neonatal ICUs shows that the signs and symptoms of sepsis are highly variable, depending on the age of the patients; the younger the child, the more unspecific the clinical manifestations. Diagnosis in early stages, according to the above definitions, guarantees recovery with adequate therapeutics.
Conclusions: Despite the numerous investigations carried out on sepsis, the high morbidity and mortality due to its cause reveal insufficient knowledge about it, which in many cases prevents timely identification of its clinical manifestations and jeopardizes the survival of hospitalized children.

By Yamila Dago Becerra, Sainelí Chacón Páez

Introduction: suicide attempts have increased considerably in adolescents and young people in recent decades, as reflected by studies in various countries.

Objective: to characterize the risk factors that were present in adolescents who made a suicide attempt, in the period from January 2020 to November 2022, belonging to the Pedro Borrás Astorga Polyclinic in the municipality of La Palma.

Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in adolescents who attempted suicide, belonging to the Pedro Borrás La Palma Polyclinic, in the period from January 2020 to November 2022.in order to obtain the data, a visit was made to the Hygiene and Epidemiology and Statistics departments of said polyclinic, in addition, the family medical offices to which these adolescents belong were visited and their individual and family health histories were reviewed, with prior informed consent.

Results: a predominance of the female sex was found, and the age group was 15 to 19 years. Most of these adolescents are studying and have a pre-university level of schooling, with a predominance of belonging to dysfunctional families. The main risk factors found were the breakup of love relationships, family conflicts and hereditary family antecedents, with the ingestion of psychotropic drugs being the most frequent method used.

Conclusions: the characterization of some of the risk factors present in the adolescents with suicide attempts studied is of vital importance in order to be able to intervene in the reduction of suicidal risk and thus prevent the suicide attempt from being consummated.

By Anaisa Crespo Morales , Reina Rosa Marín Hernández, Roberkis Rodríguez Avila , Carlos Rafael Rojas Toledo , Erlis Peñalver Martínez

Introduction: Ultrasound is emerging in the managment of critical patient care in Intensive Care Units. Objective: to describe the benefits of the use of ultrasound in the care of critically patients. Method: a total of 51 sources were reviewed in the Pubmed, SciELO and Ebsco databases, during the months of January and February 2022, of which 37 citations were used in English and Spanish, all from the last five years. The search terms “ultrasound and critically ill patien”, “ultrasound and Intensive Care Unit” were used. Developing: the are multiple uses given to ultrasound in critically ill patients, wich includes early diagnosis, monitoring and the performance of procedures and techiques, howwere the main objetive of its use in critically ill patients is to allow a better and earlier therapeutic management. Conclusions: ultrasound is iseful in the care of seriously ill patients and all its modalities are very useful in the Intensive Care Units, both to help make decisions and to guide the performance of procedures.

By Guillermo Alejandro Herrera Horta, Zurelys Gutiérrez García

Introduction: the multiple physiological changes characteristic of aging cause an increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases and therefore an increase in the demand for services, including emergency services.

Objective: to characterize the care of older adults in the Municipal Intensive Care Area of Los Palacios in the period 2016 - 2021.

Method: descriptive and cross-sectional study; universe 3501 patients attended in the area in said period and sample 1999 older adults. Summary measures were used for qualitative data.

Results: female sex predominated (50,1 %) and age 80 and over (41 %). 55,3 % of the patients found resolution in the area and 5,7 % died with a survival rate of 94,3 %. Seventy-six percent of the older adults with acute myocardial infarction were thrombolyzed, failing to comply with the operational indicator of thrombolysis and lethality due to myocardial infarction.

Conclusions: the care provided to older adults in the Municipal Intensive Care Unit was characterized by its high resolution and survival despite the noncompliance with operational indicators such as thrombolysis and mortality due to myocardial infarction.

By Magaly Gort Hernández , Aboubacar Abdou Iro , José Luis Díaz Cruz ; Román Hernández Hernández ; Odalys Ortega Herrera

Introduction: intracranial pressure depends of the compliance between brain tissue, cephalon spinal fluid and blond, the elevation of that pressure by traumatic origin cause a decompensation, what usually have been associated with an increase of mortality and neurological bad outcomes.
Objective: describe necessary considerations about the use of decompressive craniectomy in intracranial hypertension in brain trauma.
Methods: A bibliographic review was carried out where studies related to the pathophysiology of intracranial hypertension and decompressive craniectomy were selected. The sources of information consulted were Google Scholar, PubMed, Scielo and Dialnet. In this way, 25 articles and 1 thesis were selected, where more than 60% are from the last 5 years.
Development: the use of decompressive craniectomy is layered by the recommendations of Brain Trauma Foundation, who in 2020 didn’t recommended the decompressive craniectomy performed for early refractory ICP elevation to improve mortality and favorable outcomes. The evidence of decompressive is based on two level I evidence studies: DECRA and RESCUEicp, with contradictories outcomes.
Conclusions: the use of decompressive craniectomy is a variable and contradictory subject, the main studies in world refuse it based in long term bad outcomes in the patients, but in Cuba the studies relevels outcomes like the other way around.

By Mario Javier Garces Ginarte, Enrique Marcos Sierra Benítez , Leniel Laud Rodríguez , Mairianny Quianella León Pérez

Introduction: the impact of adolescent pregnancy begins with the health risks for the mother and her child.

Objective: to characterize adolescent pregnancy at the Hermanos Cruz Polyclinic in the period from September 2018 to April 2019.

Method: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted; the universe consisted of 56 adolescents who became pregnant during the study period and the sample of 50, was selected by simple random sampling, taking into account inclusion and exclusion criteria, theoretical, empirical and statistical methods were used; the variables to be studied gave output to the research objectives.

Results: 66 % of the pregnant adolescents belonged to the age group between 17 and 18 years old, with 76 % of them had unfinished pre-university education, 84 % were housewives and 94 % were cohabitating. One hundred percent were nulliparous, 30 % had an associated vaginal infection, 76 % had a normal nutritional status at the beginning of pregnancy and 94 % had a weight gain at the end of pregnancy between 8 and 16 kilograms, the gestational age at delivery was between 37 and 41 weeks. At the end of the study, an educational strategy was designed to modify this health problem in adolescents.

Conclusions: adolescent pregnancy is a health problem that requires follow-up and attention in order to improve the indicators of the maternal and infant program.

By Josué David Vaca Kahut, Aliosmi Cordero González, Mabel Serrano Pinet , Lisandra Menéndez Fádraga

Introduction: Acute neurological diseases often lead to deterioration of the level of consciousness or of the swallowing mechanisms, for which it is essential to receive nutritional support from the ICU, even during their subsequent return home. Objective: To describe the benefits of nutrition for neurocritical patients. Materials and Methods: A bibliographic search was carried out using the keywords (nutrition) AND (neurocritical patient), (enteral nutrition) AND (neurocritical patient) and (nutrition) AND (cranioencephalic trauma) in the Scielo, Pubmed, Scopus databases. , Wiley & Sons, Clinical Keys, and ISI Web of Science. Development: the relationship between nutritional status and the benefit of early therapy is based on a series of mechanisms triggered by the marked metabolic response to trauma and cellular changes, these promote a greater inflammatory response, which can provide a neuroprotective effect or cause more damage. Conclusions: It is important to start an early nutritional process in neurocritical patients through enteral nutrition, fundamentally with the aim of covering all the nutritional needs of the patient without the need to add other nutrients, since these formulas include proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals and vitamins.

By Lázaro Ernesto Horta Martínez

The examination of the larynx and as a whole of the upper airway is of vital importance for the management of many entities that generate not only dysphonia, but can also constitute a threat to the patient's life, so a study is conducted with the aim of demonstrating the effectiveness of local anesthesia in surgery and laryngotracheal exploration for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. An applied, longitudinal, prospective and interventional research was conducted at the University Hospital "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado" in the period from June 2015 to June 2017. A strategy was developed to protocolize and use the described technique. Expert criteria were prepared for its validation. The universe was made up of 37 patients who were seen in ENT consultation, or admitted to the aforementioned hospital, and who, due to their health condition at that time, needed laryngotracheobronchial endoscopic exploration, meeting the inclusion criteria. It was concluded that the protocol was validated according to expert criteria. The procedure was effective in a high percentage of patients, mostly male and from 41 to 50 years old, carriers of dysphonia or inspiratory dyspnea, tumors were the most frequent affections and the technique used is useful and effective, being protocolized and validated, which allows its extension to other services of the province and the country.

By Iliana Pacheco Valdés , Adrián Medina Garro , Mariela Hernández Pulido, Norys de la Caridad Macías Santos , Lizabeth Sánchez Vinent

Introduction: diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic non-communicable disease that manifests itself as a set of metabolic disorders affecting different organs and tissues and is characterized by an alteration of blood glucose levels.

Objective: to determine the clinical epidemiological behavior of chronic renal failure in the diabetic population of the urban area of Pedro Borrás Astorga municipality La Palma in the period from September 2020 to September 2022.

Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out, the universe was constituted by a total of 197 patients dispensed with diabetes mellitus in the period under study. The sample consisted of 132 diabetic patients through simple random sampling, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results: in both sexes the incidence of CKD increased with age, with a predominance of men, with a significant number of overweight and obese patients. Patients with a family history of HT and diabetes predominated, with HT and heart disease being the most frequent pathologies in diabetics with CKD. Among the main renal profile disorders, glomerular filtration alterations prevailed, followed by azotemia. Most of the patients had CKD and more than half were in stage III of the disease. The main symptoms and signs in these patients were oliguria, edema and polyuria.

Conclusions: the clinical epidemiological behavior of diabetic patients with CKD was determined, which allowed us to propose educational strategies for its prevention.

By Yoselín Cordero Guzmán Cordero Guzmán, Eddy Hernández Morejón , María del J Gallardo Cajiga, Yamile Rodríguez González, Seferina Gutiérrez Sánchez

Introduction: There are different parameters intended for the assessment of nutritional status. These parameters can be useful to assess nutritional status prior to admission of patients to the Intensive Care Unit. Objective: The aim of this article is to demonstrate the importance of nutritional status assessment in critically ill patients with malnutrition and to establish the nutritional requirements for these patients. Methods: This literature review has different theoretical methods and 26 citations consulted in Scielo and Infomed. Results and discussion: Its application in critically ill patients is problematic, because the interpretation of the results is interfered by the changes originated by the acute disease and by the treatment measures. This is true for anthropometric variables, which are affected by alterations in the water distribution of critically ill patients. Biochemical markers (creatinine/height index, serum albumin) are also interfered as a consequence of metabolic changes that modify the processes of synthesis and degradation. Conclusion: Parenteral nutrition routinely administered to critically ill patients may increase their morbidity and mortality. In those cases in which it is possible, enteral nutrition should be the preferred route of nutrient supply, since it has been described as having a favorable effect on the rate of infectious complications. The diet should be high in antioxidants and omega 3. All this indicates that there are no reliable parameters for the assessment of nutritional status in these patients, but it is nevertheless important to define the status of critically ill patients.

By Ismaray García-Gé, Marian Sánchez-Nuez

Introduction: acute respiratory infections constitute a public health problem of great magnitude and consequences for the vulnerable population.

Objective: to characterize the clinical epidemiological behavior of acute respiratory infections in children under 5 years old in a medical office belonging to the Pedro Borrás polyclinic of La Palma municipality.

Method: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out. The population to be studied were pediatric children under 5 years of age who attended the setting in the period from 2019 to 2022, the sample was formed according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results: female sex and age group 0 to 1 years predominated, the change of climate was the most relevant risk factor, according to the most known symptoms and signs, dyspnea ranked first followed by fever and cough and expectoration, mothers recognized bronchitis as the main complication and type of ARI. In relation to the alarm signs, they pointed to fever > 38,5 C in first place followed by respiratory distress. Mothers' knowledge of the alarm signs of ARF is in the medium to low ranges.

Conclusions: the clinical-epidemiological characterization of acute respiratory infections in children under 5 years of age is of vital importance in the work of the family physician and nurse, who, as the first level of health care, should inform the population about ARI, with the aim of providing comprehensive care to the patient.

By Eduardo Otero Felipe , Madelyn Carrasco López Carrasco López , Jeima Rodríguez Sánchez , Anyeli Bravo Sánchez , Rebeca Carrasco Lemus

Introduction: Nutritional support in the critically ill patient is of vital importance because of its impact on morbidity and mortality, length of stay and preservation of tissue mass among others. Nutritional support should be guaranteed to all critically ill patients ideally by the most effective route. Objectives: To offer guidelines for optimal nutritional care to critically ill patients. To identify patients at risk of poor nutritional energy nutrition, to define energy, protein and micronutrient requirements to maintain optimal nutritional and metabolic status in critically ill patients and to establish serial monitoring of the effect and efficacy of nutritional support. Methods: A bibliographic review was carried out through the consultation of 23 bibliographic references, 75% of them belonging to the last 5 years, all in the period from February 15 to 24, 2022. Results: With this bibliographic review it was possible to deepen and outline goals with respect to improving the nutrition of critically ill patients through more effective methods and with greater responsibility. Conclusions: Nutritional therapy is of crucial importance to our ability to manage disease in general and infection, surgery and trauma in particular. The purpose of nutritional therapy in these patients is to maintain or improve nutritional status and to prevent and treat malnutrition by maintaining body tissue, activating plasma protein stores, and preventing macro- and micronutrient deficiencies.

By Magela Domínguez Veloso, Leslie Mariam Rodríguez Alvarez

Introduction: Knowledge of predictors of serious complications is of great importance, as it allows an objective preoperative evaluation of patients.
Objective: To determine the components of variables predictive of low postoperative cardiac output (pPCE) in patients undergoing myocardial revascularization surgery at the Hospital Cardiocentro "Ernesto Che Guevara".
Methods: an analytical observational retrospective cohort study was performed; the study population consisted of all patients undergoing myocardial revascularization surgery with operative diagnosis of multivessel disease between 2017 and 2018 (N=107) and the sample matched this. A Factor Analysis was performed where predictive components composed of triads of variables associated with each other were determined by Pearson correlation coefficient. Binary Logistic Regression was performed and survival curves were constructed for BGCp with the Kaplan-Meier method. We worked with a reliability of 95%.
Results: factor analysis identified 5 predictive components, 3 of them had little predictive value and 2 were shown to predict BGCp, p≤0.05; OR (95%CI): 5.305 (3.564-7.686) and OR (95%CI): 5.752 (2.658-8.658), which were composed of the variables variables including history of having Chronic Kidney Disease, Euroscore ≥4 points, leukoglycemic index ≥1813.7, Extracorporeal Circulation Time ≥ 120 min and NYHA Classification ≥ III.
Conclusions: Clusters of variables including history of chronic kidney disease, Euroscore ≥4 points, leukoglycemic index ≥1813.7, extracorporeal circulation time ≥ 120 min and NYHA Classification ≥ III were determined as predictor components of BGCp. The identification of such variables would favor a better preoperative evaluation.

By Víctor Ernesto González-Velazquez, Adrian Alfonso-Izquierdo , Elys María Pedraza-Rodríguez , Leonel Fuentes-Herrera , Ignacio Fajardo-Egozcue

Introduction: depression is a disease of high impact on public health, which causes high morbi-mortality, being estimated that it is present in more than 450 million people in the world and that one in four will suffer some problem of this type throughout their lives, including the elderly, and has a negative impact on the world economy.

Objective: to determine the influence of biopsychosocial factors on the depressive state of older adults in the Pedro Borrás health area of the municipality of Pinar del Río in the period 2020 to 2022.

Methods: a prospective analytical study was carried out; the universe consisted of 358 older adults of the community, a simple random sample of 142 older adults who presented depression in that period was selected, theoretical, empirical and descriptive statistical methods were used, given in number and percentage.

Results: most of the sample under study belonged to the female sex and to the age group between 70 and 74 years old, predominantly housewives and retired people; they belonged to small families, the older adults lived with other older adults and with grandchildren under their care; the symptom was more accentuated with the COVID-19 pandemic, they referred to feeling cared for by relatives, they generally consume drugs such as anxiolytics.

Conclusions: diagnosis, timely and personalized treatment, through psychotherapy, support groups and pharmacological treatment, are the most effective and economical ways to provide better living conditions to patients afflicted by depression.

By Geidy de la Caridad Fajardo Martínez, Yanara González Baños, Osiris Oscar Terrado Almarales Terrado Almarales , Daniel Rodríguez Delgado

Introduction: intensive care units provide care to patients with conditions that put their lives in danger or with the potential to do so, and therefore require highly specialized personnel, equipment and medications; which generates high expenses.
Objective: to describe the costs of care for critical patients treated in Intensive Care Unit 3 of the General Teaching Hospital "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado" during 2018
Method: A partial economic evaluation study of cost description was carried out. The universe of study consisted of 455, selecting 155 by means of a simple random sampling. The data was collected through the cost records of the Accounting and Statistics Department, the cards of each patient and cost files.
Results: the daily costs per patient were 656,76 CUP, the radiology department was the one with the highest charges (23069,88 CUP), the most indicated complementary was the hemogram (883). Deep venous catheters were the most widely used instruments and generated a total cost of 144,26 CUP. Electrolytes and antimicrobials were the drug groups that generated the highest costs (49133,95 and 24896,08 CUP respectively. Hemodialysis generated a cost of 142441 CUP.
Conclusions: the imaging and laboratory studies necessary for the diagnosis and follow-up, as well as the use of antimicrobials, electrolytes and equipment and procedures for the care of critically ill patients present high costs.

By Yosbel Suárez Clemente, Irene Caridad Pastrana Roman, Heidy Rego Ávila, Ellesmere Pérez Pérez, Adrián Alejandro Vitón-Castillo

Introduction: stroke represents one of the greatest morbimortality problems, it is the second cause of mortality after ischemic heart disease and the first cause of severe disability in adults.

Objective: to determine the level of knowledge about cerebrovascular diseases in patients with risk factors in the ¨Manuel Sanguily¨ Popular Council of La Palma, in the period 2020-2022.

Methods: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out. The universe consisted of 3215 patients aged 40 years and older, from the Popular Council ¨Manuel Sanguily¨ and the sample was made up of 257 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results: the group aged 60 years and older predominated, being arterial hypertension the main pre-existing risk factor. The most recognized term was cerebral infarction. In a list of symptoms and signs, the most identified was loss of consciousness. When faced with a suspected stroke, the respondents preferred to call the emergency number and, in relation to prevention, adequate control of hypertension stood out.

Conclusions: the level of knowledge of the patients studied shows gaps on important aspects of cerebrovascular diseases, and therefore intervention strategies are proposed based on their learning needs.

By Maray Mesa PortaIes , Carlos Cruz Padilla , Arley Gonzalez Calvo , Madelin Carrasco López , Rosalba Toledo Castillo

Objective: to evaluate the knowledge about syncope and its management in the emergency department, in physicians of a general hospital.

Methods: a qualitative, evaluative research was carried out through the application of a pre-designed academic questionnaire on key aspects of syncope care in the emergency department to physicians of clinical specialties related to emergency care at the Abel Santamaría general teaching hospital, Pinar del Río province, in April 2022. Respondents were chosen randomly, voluntarily and anonymously.

Questionnaire: the questionnaire included 5 single-answer multiple-choice questions. Each question included 4 possible answers (a, b, c, d). The aspects evaluated were: definition, causes, initial evaluation, diagnosis, risk stratification, and syncope care.

Results: the questionnaire was administered to 35 physicians. It took less than 5 minutes to complete the questionnaire. According to the aspects evaluated, 40 % of the respondents did not select the correct answer related to the definition and causes of syncope; regarding the initial evaluation and multidisciplinary care, the correct answers reached 74 % and 71 % respectively. And in relation to diagnosis and risk stratification, misses were 80 %. The application of the KR20 coefficient classified the internal consistency of the evaluation instrument used as very good.

Conclusions: the survey was useful to evaluate the level of knowledge of physicians about syncope and its management in the emergency department. There is a knowledge deficit in the aspects evaluated. The results obtained are considered reliable.

By Manuel Quintero García, Medardo Rodriguez Lopez , Yoima González Pérez, Isael Boza Cruz, Loreile González Mazón

Introduction: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is the set of standardized maneuvers that are performed with the aim of reversing cardiorespiratory arrest
Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention on basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation in medical science students.
Methods: a quasi-experimental study of before and after type without control group was carried out in students of Medical Sciences participating in the I Workshop on basic CPR, in the period between February and March 2022. The universe was composed of 395 participants.
Results: Female sex predominated (68.35 %) and the age group between 19 and 21 years (61.26 %). The 1st year contributed 26.58 % of the participants. Students from Pinar del Río predominated (23.54 %). Prior to the intervention, students with a low level of knowledge predominated (54.43 %), subsequently a high level of knowledge predominated (57.46 %). Students who received previous theoretical-practical courses showed a higher effectiveness in the initial questionnaire (62.16 %), this was no longer significant after the intervention. Before and after the intervention, the questions on generalities showed greater effectiveness. The students of the clinical area showed greater effectiveness, the 5th year showed the best results. The provinces of Sancti Spíritus and Mayabeque showed greater effectiveness in both moments.
Conclusions: the application of the educational intervention had a favorable impact on the students' level of knowledge about cardiopulmonary resuscitation, providing the necessary tools for the management of medical emergencies.

By Arainé Santalla Corrales, Yeni de la Caridad Romero Valdés, Heidy Rosy Sánchez Capote, Alicia Sánchez Martínez, Adrián Alejandro Vitón-Castillo

Introduction: acute myocardial infarction involves cardiac cell death due to ischemia caused by a perfusion-demand imbalance.
Objective: to clinically and epidemiologically characterize patients admitted with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in the Coronary Intensive Care Unit of the Abel Santamaría Cuadrado Hospital from June to August 2019.
Methodological design: an observational, descriptive, longitudinal, retrospective study was carried out on 70 patients admitted with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, the sample coincided with the universe. Data were obtained from medical records.
Results: the highest percentage of female patients belonged to the 68-79 age range with 15.7%, in men however the highest percentage range was 44-55, with 14.3%. More than half of the women and men presented the lesion on the lower face. AHT was shown to be the most predominant risk factor in women and smoking in men. Precordial pain predominated in both sexes with 66.67% in women and 85.29% in men, and 13.87% of women presented fatigue as a symptom of infarction, contrasting with 2.94% in men.
Conclusions: acute myocardial infarction was more frequent in black-skinned women; the lesion on the lower face predominated in both sexes. The clinical picture was characterized by precordial pain in women and men.

By Eduardo Enrique Cecilia-Paredes, Angel Echevarria-Cruz, Elizabeth Cecilia-Paredes

Introduction: pulp and periapical pathologies are frequently associated with systemic diseases.

Objective: to describe pulp and periapical diseases in patients with systemic diseases Pedro Borra Astorga" of Pinar del Río.

Methods: an observational, descriptive and transversal study was carried out. Universe: patients of both sexes with pulp and periapical diseases who attended the emergency department.

Sample: non-probabilistic, of these patients with previous diagnosis of systemic disease. Variables: age, sex, pulp and periapical diseases, dental organ, affected quadrants and systemic diseases. Absolute and relative frequencies were used.

Results: 67,5 % of the patients belonged to the 35-59 years age group and 54,8 % to the female sex, 51,6 % manifested pulp diseases and 48,4 % periapical diseases; irreversible pulpitis (27 %) and acute apical abscess (21,4 %) were the most frequent. Diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension prevailed. Periapical disease predominated in diabetics (21,4 %) and apical disease in hypertensive patients (19,4 %).

Conclusions: pulp and periapical diseases predominated in the female sex and in the 35 to 59 years age group; the most frequent pulp disease was irreversible acute pulpitis. The first molars and the lower left quadrant were the most affected. Diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension were the most prevalent systemic diseases. Acute apical abscess and pulp necrosis prevailed in diabetics, while irreversible pulpitis and acute apical abscess were more frequent in hypertensive patients.

By Lorena Gutiérrez García, Aurelio Jesús Gutiérrez Machado, Nury Esther García Alum

Introduction: the aging of the Cuban population constitutes an important challenge of the present and the immediate future because this population group faces changes and health problems that affect the deterioration of their quality of life.

Objective: to characterize population aging as a social problem in the Sandino popular council of the Ernesto Guevara de la Serna Polyclinic, Sandino municipality in the period from January 2020 to July 2022.

Method: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional research was carried out; the universe consisted of 243 older adults, selecting a simple random sample of 165, who met the inclusion criteria. Theoretical, empirical and statistical methods were applied, using absolute and relative frequencies.

Results: the sample studied was characterized by a predominance of the female sex with 52 % and the predominant age range was 70 to 74 years old with 25,5 %; most of the families of the elderly are small and nuclear, they live together with children and grandchildren; they are classified in group III, they have up to three risk factors and/or diseases associated, the social support received was found that 52,5 % of the elderly receive a somewhat frequent support, which shows the need to intervene to increase their quality of life with an increase in social support.

Conclusions: population aging is a social problem that requires a multidisciplinary and intersectoral intervention to achieve a satisfactory longevity. 

By Inalvis Horta Baños, Dianelys Cala Roque, Mileidy Rivero Mojena, Chester Lázaro Álvarez Varela, Yileidy Díaz Cusell

Introduction: As a natural event, motherhood should be free of complications and, therefore, death. Deaths derived from pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium are considered, for the most part, avoidable with current medical resources; nevertheless, more than half a million women die each year worldwide from these causes.
Objective: To characterize the morbimortality of extremely severe maternal deaths admitted to the Intensive Care Service of the General Teaching Hospital "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado" between January 2014 and December 2019.
Methodological design: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out. The universe consisted of 290 cases. The data were obtained by reviewing the patients' medical records. The variables were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The majority of the mothers belonged to the 20-29 years age group with 47.9% of the total, mortality was 1.3%. Puerperal hemorrhage was the main cause of admission followed by infections. Hypovolemic shock and respiratory infections were the most frequent complications. 58.1% of patients were ventilated for less than 2 days.
Conclusions: Patients aged 20-29 years predominated and 3 patients died. Puerperal hemorrhage was the main cause of admission. Hypovolemic shock and respiratory infections were the most frequent complications. Most patients were ventilated for less than 2 days.

By Eduardo Enrique Cecilia-Paredes, Ángel Echevarria-Cruz, Elizabeth Cecilia-Paredes

The teaching-learning process of endocrine surgery of the thyroid and parathyroid glands is developed within the framework of the training of specialists with a high level of performance, solidity in the ethical-moral principles of society and high scientific-technical qualification. The exploratory study in the "León Cuervo Rubio" Surgical Clinical Teaching Provincial Hospital of Pinar del Río, showed insufficiencies in the didactic intention of integrating theoretical-practical knowledge to the solution of self-learning problems faced by resident physicians in the clinical-surgical activity, Therefore, the objective of the research has been to develop a didactic conception that from the use of methods of the theoretical and empirical and statistical-mathematical levels, would reveal the flexible, integrative and personalized character of the teaching-learning process for which it was determined, the need to be guided by means of the theoretical-practical integration that transcends the cognitive interrelation, the interest and motivations for self-learning in the clinical-surgical activity, guiding principle in the modeling of the conception, which through a system of scientific ideas designs this teaching-learning process based on the triadic relationship, specialist training-historical evolution of endocrine surgery knowledge-technological scientific development articulated by the essentials of practical-theoretical knowledge, structures it through the relationships between the didactic components and projects it for self-learning, with a developmental approach by stages, all of which is implemented in the educational practice through a strategy whose actions enhance the capabilities for self-learning. Once these elements became the main results of the research, they were submitted to theoretical and practical validation, which revealed recognition of the importance and possibility of applicability and acceptance.

By Gladys Iglesias Díaz , Belkis Ferro González , Ileana María Hernández Rodríguez

Introduction: The Clinical History (HC) constitutes a document of high medical value; its correct management contributes to improve the quality of care, protect the legal interests of the patient, workers and entities; in addition to providing information for research and teaching purposes. In the author's opinion, it is important that the data recorded in the HC be truthful, comprehensive, adequate and pertinently updated, since it will be the primary source of chronological information to which all those involved in the patient's treatment are referred.
Objectives: To carry out a diagnosis of the gaps in nursing knowledge in the monitoring and recording of parameters of the critically ill patient.
Methods: An observational, descriptive and transversal analytical study was carried out. The universe consisted of 50 nurses and the sample consisted of those who were physically working in the service during the study period, for a total of 31.
Results: Our study was able to diagnose major deficiencies in the recording of patient weight, mechanical ventilation modes and other ventilatory parameters, endogenous water formation and insensible and extraordinary water losses.
Conclusions: we agree on the need for the nursing profession to unify its methods and strategies for recording its process, we visualize the existing problems at world level regarding the subject addressed and we believe it would be appropriate to develop research projects on monitoring and recording of the critically ill patient in nursing.

By Albert Hernández Nápoles, Miguel Rodríguez Curbelo, Misael González Reyes, Leticia Cabrera Benítez, Ramona Díaz López, Alberto Escalona Arzuaga

Introduction: arterial hypertension (AHT) constitutes one of the most important medical-health problems of contemporary medicine in developed countries and its control is the cornerstone on which action must be taken to significantly reduce morbidity and mortality due to coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular and renal diseases in the geriatric age group.

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational strategy on aspects related to the prevention of arterial hypertension in the elderly.

Methods: an intervention study was carried out in hypertensive older adults belonging to the CMF 36 of La Palma municipality, from September 2020 to September 2022. The universe consisted of all hypertensive older adults in the clinic and the sample consisted of 164 hypertensive patients according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Percentage analysis was used as the statistical method. Results: the predominant age group was 70-79 years, male. The most frequent level of schooling was junior high school with 46,3 %. Before the intervention, knowledge levels regarding risk factors, signs and symptoms of hypertension, treatment, diet and physical exercise, respectively, were inadequate, but this was not the case after the educational strategy was applied, in which the patients in the study revealed that they had adequate knowledge at the beginning of the intervention.

Conclusions: the development of the educational strategy implemented allowed to increase the knowledge about arterial hypertension and thus improve the quality of life of the patients.

By María Del C. Valdés González , Daimary Varga Esquivel, Greter Ledesma Valdés , Leydi Laura Landeiro González , Dunia Rodríguez Rodríguez

Introduction: Acute myocardial infarction constitutes a frequent coronary emergency with high morbi-mortality rates.
Objective: to determine the level of knowledge of students in the clinical area of Pinar del Río on the diagnosis and management of acute myocardial infarction.
Methods: a qualitative, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out between January and February 2022 on 92 students from the clinical area of the University of Medical Sciences of Pinar del Río participating in the I Workshop of updating on the diagnosis and management of acute myocardial infarction. A virtual survey was used to obtain information. Descriptive statistics were used for its processing.
Results: 50.0 % of the students belonged to the fourth year of Medicine. Female sex predominated (65.21 %) and age group 21-22 years (65.21 %). Hypertension was the most identified risk factor (97.98 %). Precordial location was the most relevant clinical feature (97.82 %). The presentation with complications was identified by 100 %, sudden death was the most identified (81.52 %). The electrocardiogram was identified by 100% as the main complementary, supra/lower ST level was the most identified alteration (84.78%). Constant monitoring of vital parameters was the most distinctive measure (95.65 %).
Conclusions: The students show an adequate level of knowledge on diagnosis and management of acute myocardial infarction, showing the effectiveness of the programs developed at the center in the interest of raising the quality and capacity of future professionals in the health sector.

By Arainé Santalla Corrales, Yeni de la Caridad Romero Valdés, Heidy Rosy Sánchez Capote, Alicia Sánchez Martínez, Adrián Alejandro Vitón-Castillo

Introduction: The severe polytraumatized patient is defined as an individual who presents with two or more severe traumatic injuries either peripheral or visceral, leading to respiratory or circulatory repercussion and putting life at risk. Acidosis, hypothermia and coagulopathy called the "deadly triad", develop as a consequence of metabolic changes induced by polytrauma, are difficult to assess, diagnose and treat, since they present a high vital risk, so a rapid, complex and multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment is required; through consecutive and orderly steps, based on the condition of each one of them. Persistent elevation of lactic acid levels has proven to be a useful marker to establish the incidence of mortality in certain entities. Objective: To determine the prognostic value of lactic acid in patients with severe trauma. Methods: Descriptive, longitudinal, prospective study during the period from January 2018 to December 2020, with a universe of 21 patients, theoretical and empirical methods were applied to them As main Results: There was a predominance of male sex in 71.4% in ages between 21 and 40 years, 42.9% had a moderate behavior in relation to hierlactacidemia, complications and state at discharge were evidenced in a proportional positive way, not so the base excess and stay. Conclusions: AL, is a prognostic biochemical marker to be taken into account in the evolution of the polytraumatized patient.

By Yali Libertad Bordies Lavin, Mara Veronica Álvarez Valdés, Alberto Denis Pérez

Introduction: suicide is a health problem due to the social, psychological and economic impact it has on families and the country.

Objective: to evaluate the management of the Suicide Prevention Program in Pinar del Río. 2015-2020, at the Primary Health Level.

Method: descriptive, observational and retrospective study, from 2015 to 2020, surveying fifty health care workers of the Hermanos Cruz polyclinic to explore knowledge about said Program, in a universe of 1840 deceased and a sample of 400, belonging to said polyclinic, taking into account inclusion - exclusion criteria.

Results: predominance of male sex, between 30-59 years old, of predominantly europoid ancestral affinity. Arterial hypertension, minor psychiatric diseases and patients who self-medicate anxiolytics are the main risk factors and the most used suicide method is hanging, mainly in males. Lack of knowledge of the Program on the part of health care workers and the inadequate functioning and interrelation of the Mental Health Center are demonstrated.

Conclusions: the male sex predominated in ages between 30-59 years, of Europoid ancestral affinity through the use of the noose as the chosen method. Arterial hypertension, minor psychiatric diseases and patients who self-medicate anxiolytics are the main risk factors for this behavior. The lack of knowledge of the Program on the part of physicians and nurses in the health area and the inadequate functioning and interrelation between the Community Mental Health Center and the Primary Health Level is evident.

By Orelys Santiesteban Loaces , Aisa Serrano Gómez , Marielis Duarte Gonzalez

Introduction: accidents in children are considered a public health problem worldwide. Its high prevalence makes it necessary to study the problem taking into consideration social, economic and cultural characteristics, as well as family dynamics, in order to implement appropriate strategies for accident promotion and prevention.

Objective: to analyze the prevalence of accidents in children and the associated risk factors. Methods: a bibliographic review was carried out in the databases PubMed, SciELO, different articles and books dealing with pediatric accidents.

Conclusions: it was identified that the types of accidents and injuries vary according to the age group, prevailing as types of injuries: wounds, burns, fractures, and the rest, superficial, a relationship between parents' schooling and accidents, and the home as the most propitious environment. The need to reinforce preventive measures at home to avoid accidents in children is reaffirmed.

By Dianelys Ávila Beltrán , Angelica Fuentes Reinoso , Joel Blanco Carreño , Marvelia Díaz Calzada

Introduction: head injuries constitute a challenge for health services. Receiving undergraduate training in their care is a necessity and a challenge.
Objective: to characterize the scientific production on head trauma published in Cuban student scientific journals between January 2015 and June 2021.
Methods: a retrospective, descriptive and bibliometric study was carried out. The sample consisted of 9 articles; of which the typology, year of publication, number of authors, province and center of origin of the authors, number of references, number of articles per journal and number of citations received were analyzed.
Results: 77.8% of the articles were original where 2020 was the most productive year (55.6%). 44.4% of the articles were signed by 5 authors, 32.4% of the authors belonged to the province of Pinar del Río. The mean number of references per article was 19.9, the Price Index was found between 0.45 and 0.82; with an average of 0.75. 55.6% of the publications were made in the journal Universidad Médica Pinareña and the articles published in said journal also received the highest number of citations (85%).
Conclusions: student scientific production on head trauma is low, and the influence and visibility of the articles available based on the number of citations is small.

By Mario Javier Garces Ginarte, Letier Pérez Ortiz , Erennys Carema Sarabia Aguila , Pablo Enrique Quintero Alvarez, Adrián Alejandro Vitón-Castillo

Introduction: chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a medical and public health problem that has acquired epidemic proportions. Objective: To determine the risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) present in older adults with arterial hypertension belonging to the CMF # 9 of the "Pedro Borras" Polyclinic La Palma in the period from January 2020 to October 2022.

Methods: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out. The universe consisted of 258 older adult patients with arterial hypertension and the sample consisted of 227 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were given a questionnaire that collected the following variables: age, skin color, APF of CKD, alterations of the renal profile, most frequent chronic non-communicable diseases and once the data were collected, statistical percentage measures were applied and presented in tables.

Results: the predominant age group was 76 to 80 years, male sex and white race. All patients had at least two risk factors, which coincide with the factors of CKD aggravation. Acute glomerulonephritis and renal lithiasis were the most frequent risk factors. Diabetic nephropathy and obesity were the most prominent chronic noncommunicable diseases. The most frequent renal profile alterations were glomerular filtration rate followed by creatinine, urea and uric acid.

Conclusions: the determination of the CKD risk factors present in the patients studied allows us to establish future prevention strategies.

By Yasbiel Calvo Cruz , Carlos Cruz Padilla, María de la C Hernández Alfaro

Introduction: Status Epilepticus (SE) is considered a neurological emergency, which occurs not only in adults, but also in pediatric ages quite frequently, which happens either because of a failure in the mechanisms responsible for cessation of the crisis, or due to the onset of successive crises, as a consequence, SE can lead to neuronal death and/or alteration of neuronal networks. Materials and Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in a student population belonging to the provinces of Havana and Santiago de Cuba. The universe consisted of 67 students belonging to both provinces. The sample was selected by intentional non-probabilistic sampling and was made up of 54 students who met the inclusion criteria. Results: Medicine students predominated (n=52; 96.30%). The most frequent age range was 21 to 24 years (n= 41; 75.93%); the most frequent age was 21 years (n=26; 48.15%). 46.3% (n=25) are in their 3rd academic year. Conclusions: This study confirms that the teaching about Status Epilepticus should be further reinforced even from the 1st or 2nd year of medical science courses due to the high mortality rate that this clinical picture presents, and it is not unknown to all that we have students who Since these early years they have been doing duty shifts in emergency departments.

By Melissa Sorá Rodríguez, Emmanuel Zayas Fundora, Lázaro Ernesto Horta Martínez, Héctor Julio Piñera Castro, Diana Esperanza Monet Alvarez

Introduction: hypertension is a public health worldwide problem; one of its main complications is hypertensive retinopathy which compromises the individual functional integrity. The retinal damage initiates in the presence of chronic hypertensive systemic conditions, starting with and increased arteriolar tone and generalized narrowing.
Objective: to describe the behavior of hypertensive retinopathy in patients admitted with hypertensive emergency at Vladimir Lenin Hospital from Holguin province in the period of January 2019 to December 2020.
Method: an observational descriptive retrospective with a cross-sectional court study was made. From 223 patients, 97 were selected, using a non-probabilistic intentional sampling. It was utilized the descriptive statistics.
Results: from the studied patients, 31 were between 60 and 69 years (31,9 %), 58 were masculine (59,8 %) and 36 had black skin (37,1 %). Patients with hypertensive retinopathy that were classified with Keith Wagener Barker grade 1 represented the 46,4 %. Stage 2 hypertension was presented in 37 patients (38,1 %). There was predominance of cases with a twenty of more years from evolution (52,6 %).
Conclusions: in the investigation existed predominance of third age, black skin and masculine patients. Most of patients had hypertensive retinopathy with Keith Wagener Barker grade 1, stage 2 hypertension and more than twenty years of evolution.

By Frank Miguel Hernández Velázquez , Belén de la Caridad Santisteban Rodríguez , Raúl Javier Pizarro Hechevarría

Introduction: hundreds of millions of people suffer from diseases resulting from excessive or unbalanced diets, and many countries are currently facing serious nutritional health problems, morbidity and mortality due to non-communicable diseases are increasing. Nutritional education of the population is required; the observatory of food sovereignty and nutritional education is created to empower decision-makers with knowledge so that they can have at the right time the necessary data to document their decisions.

Aims: to elaborate a supplementary sheet on nutritional education in different stages of life, which can be used by students and professors of the medical career. 

Methods: theoretical methods were used with documentary review, updated on the subject in magazines, books and basic bibliography of the subjects of General Comprehensive Medicine, historical-logical analysis, health education techniques are combined; a structure of introduction, four chapters and bibliography was left.

Results: emphasis is placed on the promotion of adequate nutritional diets at different stages of life, applying health education techniques with messages and images of healthy eating, with an introduction on nutritional education, each chapter deals with this topic at different stages, chapter I - pediatric age; II - pregnant women; III - older adults; IV - some non-communicable diseases and bibliography.

Conclusions: nutritional education is an educational strategy that leads to improve the health status of the population, it responds to the government management model based on science, technology and innovation.

By Gicela Díaz Pita, Iván Bustinzuriaga Marto, Idicelis Corría Martínez, Juan Miguel Santaya Labrador, Aliosmi Cordero González

Introduction: HeberFERON has shown excellent results in the solution of skin cancer located in the facial region, specifically basal cell carcinoma (BCC), constituting a less traumatic alternative for its treatment.

Objective: to describe the results of the application of HeberFERON in patients with BCC who attended dermatology consultation at the Luis Augusto Turcios Lima Polyclinic in Pinar del Río, from January 2020 to December 2021.

Methodology: a series study of clinical cases with diagnosis of BCC was carried out. Thirty cases were included with clinical diagnosis, by dermatoscopy and histopathological study by biopsy, located in the anatomical region called zone H of the face. They were treated with HeberFERON in different 3-week cycles according to response. They were reevaluated by dermoscopy between 8 and 16 weeks after the end of the treatment.

Results: together with female sex, skin phototype II, location on the dorsum of the nose, and ulcerated clinical and histological subtype were the most frequent. All cases showed complete response.

Conclusions: the effectiveness of treatment with HeberFERON is shown in a series of 30 cases diagnosed with BCC. Among the main adverse reactions shown were: fever, chills and erythema at the infiltration site. This study shows that HeberFERON is a therapeutic option to avoid mutilations in the H-zone of the face, which makes its use advisable in cases diagnosed with non-melanoma skin cancer.

By Janet González Arencibia, Midalys Ramos Trujillo, Rocío Gómez Quezada

Introduction: Caring for polytraumatized patients is always a dramatic situation for medical personnel. It constitutes a health problem and is the cause of high rates of mortality and disability.
Objective: To characterize polytraumatized patients treated in the General Surgery service of the "Mártires de Mayarí" General Teaching Hospital.
Method: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in polytraumatized patients treated in the General Surgery service of the "Mártires de Mayarí" General Teaching Hospital. Holguín, during the period from January 2021 to February 2022. The universe consisted of 24 patients diagnosed with polytrauma. The variables type of trauma, cause, injuries caused and postoperative complications were studied. Descriptive statistical techniques were used. The information was extracted from the medical records.
Results: The number of thoracic (41.67%) and cranioencephalic (29.17%) injuries prevailed. Stab wounds were the most frequent cause (45.84%) of injuries, causing hemopneumothorax as the main injury (45.84%). Pneumonia was the most common complication found in (%) of the cases.
Conclusions: Thoracic trauma caused mostly by penetrating stab wounds, had hemopneumothorax as the main injury and the main complication after treatment was pneumonia.

By Álvaro Lissabet Magaña, Ángel Mario Medina Figueroa, Leandros Alberto Pérez Garcia

Introduction: The Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic illness that is characterized by hiperglucemia, due to defects in the secretion of insulin or to the action of the insulin, or to the combination of both; with great impact at world level. The patients with diabetes mellitus are hospitalized 2,4 times more than the rest of the patients that ameritan hospitalization, this amerita an important investment on the part of the State, main responsible for sustaining the hospital centers and on the part of the patient and their family.
Objective: To identify epidemic factors associated to the duration of the hospital demurrage of diabetic patients in the Educational General Hospital Dr. Net Agostinho
Method: He was carried out an observational, descriptive and traverse study in the Educational General Hospital Dr. Net Agostinho in the county of Guantánamo in the year 2021. In the statistical analysis they were extracted the variable age, sex, toxic habits, index of corporal mass, physical activity, diabetes type, glicemia figure to the entrance and comorbilidades, through the statistical package SPSS 23.0, the descriptive indicators were obtained, as well as the totals and percentages.
Result: the biggest presence in the group etario was observed bigger than 60 with 49,1%, you can appreciate that the diabetes type is statistically significant (p = 0,019) to speak of lingering hospital demurrage, the type 2 of DMK have 1,03 times more risk (OR=1,032).
Conclusions: As factors predisponentes to a lingering hospital demurrage, they were identified the Diabetes Mellitus type 2 and the advanced age.

By Eduardo Enrique Chibas-Muñoz, Erennys Carema Sarabia Aguila, Pablo Enrique Quintero Alvarez, Eduardo Landrove-Escalona, Rogelio Creagh Bandera

Introduction: uncomplicated low acute respiratory infection has a high incidence of morbimortality in children under five years of age worldwide and in Cuba.

Objective: to characterize the behavior of uncomplicated low acute respiratory infections in children under five years of age belonging to the "Enrique Camalleri Mena" Polyclinic, Santa Lucia, period 2019-2021.

Method: observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study. The universe consisted of 40 children under five years of age of both sexes with risk factors for respiratory infection, and the sample consisted of 30 children with a diagnosis of uncomplicated acute lower respiratory infection during the time of the research, selected intentionally and meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The information was collected through the review of medical records and a survey, analyzing variables such as: age, sex, mother's school level, biological risk factor, type of respiratory infection, risk factors associated with respiratory infection, personal pathological history and type of delivery, reflected in variable frequency tables for better interpretation, using absolute and relative percentages.

Results: age under six months, male sex, pre-university level of education, not breastfeeding until six months of age, acute bronchitis, air pollution in the home, parasitic diseases and normal delivery predominated.

Conclusions: inadequate breastfeeding, air pollution in the home, parasitic diseases, overcrowding and smoking were risk factors for acute lower respiratory infections in children under five years of age.

By Claudia María Rivero Sánchez, Danay Pérez Borbón, Daymi Fernández Blanco, Lilian Lianna Sánchez Lazo

Introduction: the covid-19 pandemic has affected all types of people in the world; pregnant women have not been the exception.
Objective: to describe the epidemiological characteristics and obstetric complications in pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 at the Fe del Valle Ramos Hospital, from March 2 to April 23, 2021.
Methods: a descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 11 pregnant women with positive and negative RT-PCR. Epidemiological characteristics, personal pathological history and obstetric complications were studied.
Results: The average age was 22 years; 100% of the positive women had asthma and arterial hypertension as the most frequent comorbidities (25%); none of the negative women had any comorbidity. The most frequent symptoms were fever (27 %); cough, headache, sore throat and shortness of breath with 18 % respectively.
Conclusions: COVID -19 presented mildly. The most frequent complications were prematurity and an increase in cesarean deliveries. There were no pneumonia or deaths.

By Aleanne Specht González, Yuniel Enrique Casas Núñez, Yunior Meriño Pompa, Sulanys Yainet Naranjo Vázquez, Mirtha Johnson Quiñones

Introduction: the prevention approach in medicine has been taught since 1962, after the "Revolutionary University Reform", which has been deepened and developed in the different curricula. In the new training model of the General Practitioner, during his own curriculum, several courses are taught with the health-disease process and the environment as an essential element.

Objective: to elaborate a supplementary sheet on Environment and Health, to be used in the courses of the E plan, which medical students receive. 

Methods: a descriptive and longitudinal research was carried out during the course 2020-2021, using the dialectical-materialist method, theoretical with the documentary review, updated on the subject in magazines, books by Cuban authors and basic bibliography of the subjects of General Comprehensive Medicine and Public Health, the historical-logical analysis, a structure of introduction, five chapters and bibliography was left.

Results: the booklet has an introduction and five chapters: I - the environment and its repercussion on health; II - community environmental control; III - factors that influence health; IV - health education, techniques used in environmental control and V - environmental surveillance; in addition to a Bibliography section, it includes photos and images on factors that damage the environment.

Conclusions: the booklet Environment and health is necessary for students and professors of the medical career; it responds to the curriculum of Plan E; it gives an outlet to the curricular strategy Public Health and Environment, to the life task.

By Aymee María Díaz Esquivel, Ana Margarita Valdés del Pino, Geidy de la Caridad Fajardo Martínez

Introduction: The clinical presentation of COVID-19 is variable, ranging from mild to severe forms. It has been reported that 25.9% of patients require admission to intensive care units. Survival prediction is vital, as it allows defining criteria for admission to ICU, rationalizing medical care according to the degree of need and allocating health resources efficiently. Objective: to clinically and epidemiologically characterize patients admitted to the Covid ICU of the "Gustavo Aldereguía Lima" Hospital, Cienfuegos province.
Methods: observational and descriptive study, with a universe of 232 patients admitted during the period from August 17 to November 15, theoretical, empirical and statistical methods were used.
Results: 85.7% of the patients started with complications requiring admission to the ICU between day 10 and 20 after the onset of symptoms. VAM was predominant in 33.6% of patients as the 2nd most frequent complication.
Conclusions: COVID-19 has shown both by its incidence, as well as by its evolution to severity and lethality to be the most relevant pandemic disease in the country and the province in the year 2021, especially in the period studied by the investigators. We consider that the management of patients was adequate and adjusted to national protocols. We suggest further observational and experimental studies to provide new knowledge about this disease, as well as to generalize them to other intensive care units that treat patients with COVID-19.

By Daniela Sobeida Sobrino-Jiménez, Pavel Rodríguez-Monteagudo, Rachelis Rosalind Machado-Rangel

Introduction: antimicrobial resistance is a global phenomenon that affects individuals and threatens the recovery of patients in serious condition.
Objective: to determine the degree of antimicrobial resistance of the microorganisms that are isolated in the Intensive Care Units of the “Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima” from Cienfuegos. Methods: descriptive cross-sectional observational on a series of microorganisms isolated in biological samples from the Intensive Care Units of the “Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima” of Cienfuegos, during the year 2018. The universe was constituted by 620 germs. Variables such as microorganism, biological sample and antimicrobial were analyzed. Statistical processing was performed from SPSS 21.0 for better representation of the results.
Results: Acinetobacter baumannii was the most isolated germ (24.1%). The largest number of microorganisms came from the Multipurpose Intensive Care Unit, highlighting respiratory secretions as the main microbiological study. A marked resistance to ampicillin, cefazolin, cefuroxime and ceftazidime was evidenced, with percentages greater than 50%; Among the most effective medications, linezolid and vancomycin for gram positive were highlighted. Conclusions: there are resistant and multiresistant microorganisms circulating in hospital therapies, their surveillance should be a priority, the most frequent germs were Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus coagulase negative, Klebsiella pneumoniae, among others. The bacteria showed a marked resistance to ampicillin, cefazolin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime; and sensitivity to linezolid and vancomycin.

By Rodolfo Javier Rivero Morey , Jeisy Rivero Morey , Lourdes María Fernández García , Ariadna Martínez Oquendo

Introduction: the COVID-19 epidemic has been a challenge for Cuban health professionals.
Objective: to characterize patients admitted to the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia and negative for COVID-19.
Material and method: descriptive and cross-sectional study in a series of 338 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit with a history of negative polymerase chain reaction to COVID-19 but a diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia. Variables such as: age, sex, month of admission, requirement of mechanical artificial ventilation, status at discharge were analyzed. Statistical processing was performed from SPSS 21.0 for a better representation of the results.
Results: 60.3% corresponded to the male sex and the age group from 60 to 79 years (50.3%) was representative. 31.7% required mechanical artificial ventilation and 61.8% required less than 48 hours. 61.6% were discharged alive with an average stay of 6.31 ± 10.62 days. There were 218 patients who were admitted with a period greater than 10 days from the onset of symptoms and the completion of the COVID-19 diagnostic test.
Conclusions: in the midst of the epidemiological situation caused by COVID-19, patients were admitted to intensive care units with a diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia not related to the SARS-Cov-2 virus. Timely treatment in some cases, even prolonged artificial mechanical ventilation, contributed to a low mortality rate and they were discharged with a better quality of life.

By Rodolfo Javier Rivero Morey, Lietter Aguilar Jure , Yenisel Chang Cuesta, Inte Santana Carballosa , Víctor René Navarro Machado , Lya del Rosario Magariño Abreus

Introduction: surgical activity has taken on a notable role in the area of patient care for patients with immediate or non-immediate life-threatening situations. However, there are few studies focused on their analysis.
Objective: to characterize emergency surgical interventions at the Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima University Clinical-Surgical Provincial Hospital of Cienfuegos, during the first quarter of 2021.
Methods: an observational, descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional, retrospective study was carried out on emergency surgical interventions during the first quarter of 2021 in Cienfuegos. The universe consisted of 252 interventions and the sample consisted of 196. Variables studied were: month of intervention, sex, age group, nosological entity, type of surgery and color code. The information was compiled from the individual operative report.
Results: the month of March contributed 116 interventions (59 %). The male sex predominated with 103 cases (52.55 %) and the 18-35 age group (59 patients, 30.10 %). Acute appendicitis was the outstanding entity with 49 cases (25 %). Clean contaminated surgeries accounted for 61.73 % (121 interventions). Code yellow cases accounted for 92.35 % of the total (181 cases).
Conclusions: the greatest number of complications were located in young men and young adults, some cases shifted towards middle age. Acute appendicitis was the outstanding manifestation, hence the greater number of clean and contaminated surgeries classified as code yellow according to the color scale.

By Luis Enrique Jiménez-Franco , Naila García-Pérez

Introduction: at present, traffic accidents are considered a serious public health problem, due to the number of injuries and deaths they cause, and the economic resources that must be allocated for their care and recovery. Objective: to characterize traffic accidents in the province of Cienfuegos during 2019.
Methods: a descriptive and retrospective observational study was carried out on patients who had a traffic accident in the province of Cienfuegos, from January to December 2019. The universe was constituted by 300 patients. No sampling technique was used, coinciding the sample with the study universe. The variables used were: age and sex, minor injuries, serious injuries, deaths, municipality and time of occurrence of the event, cause of the accident. Descriptive statistics were used.
Results: the male sex predominated in the TA victims (77%). The age group between 21 and 25 years old stood out (11.7%). The most common type of injury was minor (79.7%). The municipality with the highest incidence was Cienfuegos (47 %). The predominant time of day was between 16:01 and 20:00 hours (22.5%). The main cause of traffic accidents was failure to attend to vehicle control (30.2 %).
Conclusions: Traffic accidents in Cienfuegos province report a large number of injuries and fatalities. The accidents were the result of a combination of factors related to the victim, the vehicle, road infrastructure, traffic, control, time of day, and place of occurrence.

By Claudia Díaz de la Rosa, Noel Jesús Niebla Gómez, Mariangel González León, Luis Enrique Jiménez Franco